Making Alcohols

• Equation from forming ethanol from fermentation

  C6H12O6 -> 2 ( CH3CH2OH ) + 2 (CO2)

  
  

  glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• Conditions for forming ethanol from fermentation

  Yeast.

  No Air

  Temperature 30-40: optimum 38°C
• Advantages of forming ethanol from fermentation

  Sugar is a renewable resource

  Production uses low level technology/cheap equipment.
• Disadvantages of forming ethanol from fermentation

  Bath process which is slow and gives high production costs

  Ethanol made is not pure and needs purifying by fractional distillation

  Depleted land use for growing food crops.
• Forming ethanol from ethene ( Hydration ) equation

  CH2 = CH2 (g) + H2O (g) -> CH3CH2OH
• How to get ethene

  Cracking of fractions from crude oil
• Hydration definition

  The addition of water to a molecule.
• Conditions for Forming ethanol from ethene ( Hydration )

  High temperature ( 300°C )

  High pressure: 70 atm

  Strong acidic catalyst: conc. H3PO4
• Advantages of Forming ethanol from ethene ( Hydration )

  Faster reaction

  Purer product

  Continuous process ( cheaper manpower )
• Disadvantages of Forming ethanol from ethene ( Hydration )

  High technology equipment needed ( expensive initial costs. )

  Ethene is non-renewable resource ( will become more expensive when raw materials run out. )

  High energy costs for pumping to produce high pressure
• What is the fermentation and combustion process for ethanol?

  2C6​H12​O6​→2C2​H5​OH+2CO2​Combustion:2C2H5OH+6O2→4CO2+6H2O2C2​H5​OH+6O2​→4CO2​+6H2​O
• What is the photosynthesis equation showing CO₂ removal?

  6CO2​+6H2​O→C6​H12​O6​+6O2