Mutations

• Mutation occurs when the cell makes a mistake in copying its own DNA
• Gene mutation - Affects a single gene
• Chromosomes mutation - Affects many genes on the chromosomes
• Mutation causes could be: Inserting an incorrect nucleotide base, skipping a nucleotide base completely, deleting a nucleotide base, or adding an extra nucleotide base
• Point mutation - Affects one nucleotide(A single point in the DNA sequence)
• Frameshift mutation - Affects more than one nucleotide(Causes a disturbance or shift in the entire DNA sequence)
• Missense mutation - Substitution or deletion that causes the amino acids to change
• Nonsense mutation - Causes the amino acids to stop prematurely
• Substitution mutation - When one nucleotide base is swapped for another
• Insertion mutation - Extra nucleotide accidentally added to a sequence
• Deletion mutation - A mutation that removes a base from a DNA sequence.