genetics

• Heredity - the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
• Variation - can be defined as any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species. motion to another.
• Branches of Genetics

  Molecular genetics – deals with DNA and gene expression and regulation. it can be defined as “the use of recombinant DNA techniques to manipulate genetic information within and between plants, animals and microorganisms” to produce genetically modified organisms.

  includes the technique of genetic engineering.
• Cytogenetics - deals with chromosome structure and behavior during cell division. Study of chromosomal organization of genes
• Cytogenetics is “the study of the structure and properties of chromosomes.
• Cytogenetics involves testing samples of tissue, blood, or bone marrow in a laboratory to look for changes in chromosomes, including broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes. Ed primarily in cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity, genetic anomalies, and pathologic conditions.
• Transmission genetics - deals with different patterns of inheritance.
• 1.this focus on how traits passed from generation to generation

  2.Talked about one particular specific trait is getting transferred to one generation to next generation

  3. And lastly the gene how it transferred from one generation to next generation and how it works

  Transmission genetics, also called classical genetics, is the oldest subdiscipline of genetics. It attempts to predict outcomes of reproduction.
• Population genetics - deals with how forces of evolution influence genes in population. This branch of genetics talks about the genetic composition on one population, and how this genetics used over time and how they survive over time.. This also evolved the study of evolution.
• Gregor Mendel – father of genetics
• Previous notations of inheritance

  Pangenesis theory

  By Charles Darwin but rejected by Weismann's 

  Pangenesis was the belief that seeds are produced in different organs and will later on gather to form the offspring.
• Homunculus theory

  The invention of the microscope made people believe that sperm cells bear a homunculus or little man.

  The origin of the homunculus concept of a pre-existing fetus is usually credited to Dutch telescopist and microscopist Nicolaas Hartsoeker. He receives this credit largely because it was his sketch in the 1694 Essai de Dioptrique of a homunculus in a sperm cell that illustrated the concept most clearly.
• Blending theory

  The blending theory of inheritance states that traits of parents blend every generation of offspring.