The wealth of our literary legacy owes its preservation to the tenacity of our ancestors in keeping our oral traditions in their hearts and minds
The efforts of Tomas Pinpin, a pioneer printer, in recording literature in the 18th century contributed to the preservation of our literary legacy
Several publishers have recorded the development of literature from the earliest times in major linguistic groups in the land
Literature during the Spanish era in dignified Spanish showed the people's pride in their Malay roots and their courage in holding on to the ideals of nationalism and freedom
Upon the advent of the Americans, Filipino writers started producing literature in English after a few months of learning the language
Initially, literature in English by Filipino writers was awkward and wordy, but as they advanced in knowledge and skill, they wrote more naturally and on more significant subjects
A literature emerged from the harmonious blending of Filipino ideals and Western civilization, showcasing the Filipino way of life and echoing the past while looking towards the future
Pepe (A Historical Monolog) by Malou Jacob: 'Some people try to achieve change by physical combat. Others prefer to use the pen. Jose Rizal believed in the latter'
The historical monolog "Pepe" by Malou Jacob is based on the injustice and discrimination suffered by Jose Rizal during the Spanish regime
Malou Jacob is a playwright, and her historical monolog "Pepe" was published in the 1991 Special Solidarity Issue titled New Voices in Southeast Asia
The literary work "Pepe" is written as a speech to be said by one actor alone on the stage
The lone actor in "Pepe" recounts incidents and reveals his thoughts to the audience
The piece "Pepe" is meant to be staged as there are stage directions
A historical monolog is a literary work written as a speech by an actor or actress alone on the stage, revealing thoughts to the audience, and based on history
Pledge by Gloria Socrates – San Agustin: 'Gloria Socrates-San Agustin comes from Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Her teenage years were spent in Tacloban City where she started writing lyric poems'
Gloria Socrates-San Agustin was a member of the United Amateur Press, U.S.A., and her brief biography is included in the International Who's Who in Poetry
Gloria Socrates-San Agustin worked at the Development Bank of the Philippines in the seventies and eighties, later transferring to the office of then Speaker Ramon Mitra. She passed away in the year 2000
The poem "Pledge" by Gloria Socrates-San Agustin expresses a feeling or an emotion, categorising it as lyric poetry
Lyric poetry includes songs, elegies, sonnets, and odes, expressing feelings through elements like rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language
Figurative language in poetry goes beyond literal meaning to create images that suggest feelings
The historical monolog "Pepe" describes the punishment given by the guardia civiles to the narrator
Figurative language suggests a feeling. It goes beyond what it literally means
Speaker: 'Your world is as big as you make it'
The phrase "beat me to a pulp" means to strike repeatedly until one is almost crippled
Idiomatic expressions based on the word "beat"
beat a dead horse - to pursue a point or topic without the possibility of success
beat a hasty retreat - to run very fast in the opposite direction
Arranging words in a cline can help the reader imagine the various stages being experienced
Using the Reader's Guide can help find valuable information in articles that have appeared in magazines
The gerund is a verb form used as a noun, formed by adding -ing to the simple form of the verb
Uses of a gerund
Swimming is an excellent form of exercise (noun used as a subject)
Her favorite sport is swimming (noun used as a predicate nominative)
I chose swimming as my elective (noun used as a direct object)
She maintains her trim figure by swimming regularly (noun used as an object of the preposition)
She likes the sport, swimming (noun used as an appositive)
To tell whether an -ing word is part of the verb phrase or is a predicate nominative, consider the subject and the linking verb