Literature

• Two Major Forms of Literature

  • Poetry
  • Prose
• Poetry


  • Written in lines, characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form. Main purpose is to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas. Divided into narrative, dramatic, and lyrical poetry
• Narrative Poetry


  • Tells a story with elements of a narrative like characters, setting, conflict. Includes Epic and Ballad
• Dramatic Poetry


  • Emotionally appealing drama written in verse, intended to be recited or sung in front of an audience by a character speaking in poetry
• Lyric Poetry


  • Focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story. Includes Folksong, Psalm, Sonnet, Song, Elegy, Corridos, Ode
• Prose


  • Applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures, consisting of complete sentences arranged logically and sequentially in a paragraph form
• Fiction


  • Product of the writer's imagination where characters react to conflicts and central issues. Includes short story, novel, novella. Genres: crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction, western, inspirational, historical fiction, horror
• Non-Fiction


  • Stories inspired by real events where writers aim to present, interpret, or describe experiences based on facts
• Philippine literature is associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies, and on to the present. 183 living languages, 17 regions, 82 provinces
• The term literature is derived from the Latin word "littera" which means "a letter of the alphabet"
• According to Britannica, literature is traditionally defined as body of written works associated with imaginative and creative works of poetry and prose, classified by language, national origin, historical period, genre, and subject matter
• The products of written literature are called literary text. A text is considered literary if it has elements of psychological characterization and chronology. Literature uses literary devices like metaphor and symbolism
• Literature contains specific structure. Literary structure refers to the organizational method used in literature, with the most common type being narrative
• Literary elements refer to identifiable characteristics of a whole text
• Meter is a pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry
• Theme is a central topic, subject, or message within a narrative
• Rhyme Scheme is a deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme in a poem or stanza
• Imagery triggers the reader to recall images engaging the senses: sight, sound, taste, smell, touch
• Literary Genre is an artistic category or style of writing, allowing classification within the larger canon of literature
• Literary genres


  • Poetry
  • Prose
  • Speculative Fiction
  • Chick Lit
  • Flash Fiction
  • Digi Fiction
  • Manga
  • Doodle Fiction
• Poetry


  • Characterized by rhythmic and often metrical language
  • Uses concise and evocative imagery to convey emotions and ideas
  • Employs literary devices such as metaphor, simile, and symbolism
  • Can vary in form, including sonnets, haikus, free verse, etc.
• Prose


  • Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure
  • Follows natural flow and syntax of speech
  • Common in fiction and non-fiction, including novels, short stories, essays, and articles
• Speculative Fiction


  • Encompasses a broad category of imaginative works set in worlds or situations different from reality
  • Includes science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres
  • Explores hypothetical scenarios, alternate histories, futuristic societies, or supernatural elements
  • Themes range from social commentary to existential exploration
• Chick Lit


  • Primarily targeted towards a female readership, focusing on the lives and experiences of young women
  • Features themes related to relationships, romance, career, and personal growth
  • Characterized by humor, wit, and relatable protagonists navigating contemporary settings
  • Emphasizes themes of friendship, love, and self-discovery
• Flash Fiction


  • Extremely brief works of fiction, typically ranging from a few words to a few hundred words
  • Requires concise storytelling and often focuses on a single scene, character, or moment
  • Relies on implication, suggestion, or ambiguity to convey meaning
• Literary pieces written by Illustrados


  • SA MGA PILIPINO - GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
  • MI ULTIMO ADIOS - JOSE RIZAL
  • FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN - JOSE RIZAL
  • PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
  • LA HIJA DEL FRAILE - GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
  • EL FILIBUSTERISMO - JOSE RIZAL
  • KAINGAT KAYO - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
  • ANG FRAY BOTOD - GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
  • SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA - JOSE RIZAL
  • DASALAN AT FOCSONAN - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• Literature is important in society as it gives insights into history and different cultures, opens minds to concepts like love, war, and justice, and helps expand readers' horizons
• EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• KAINGAT KAYO
• ANG FRAY BOTOD
• SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA
• DASALAN AT FOCSONAN
• SA MGA PILIPINO - GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
• MI ULTIMO ADIOS - JOSE RIZAL
• FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN - JOSE RIZAL
• PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• LA HIJA DEL FRAILE - GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
• EL FILIBUSTERISMO - JOSE RIZAL
• KAINGAT KAYO - MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• • ANG FRAY BOTOD GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA