3RD QUARTER

• Art


  The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, produces works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power
• Art as a form of

  • Self-expression (paintings, music, poetry, fashion, etc)
  • Therapy
  • Aesthetic
  • Inspiration
  • Motivation
  • Awareness
• Modern


  Being up to date and technologically advanced
• Historical overview of Philippine art

  • Form
  • Pre-Conquest
  • Spanish Period (1521-1898)
  • American Period (1898-1940)
  • Japanese Period (1941-1969)
  • Post-War Republic (1946-1969)
  • 70s
  • Contemporary
• Types of paintings


  • Pottery
  • Body adornment
  • Religious
  • Secular
  • Landscape
  • Interior
  • Still life
  • Wartime scene for propaganda
• Types of sculpture


  • Pottery
  • Carving
  • Woodwork
  • Santos
  • Furniture Altar
  • Jewellery Pieta
  • Free standing
  • Relief
  • Public (Amorsolo, Ocampo, etc)
• Types of architecture


  • Dwellings and houses
  • Shelters
  • Worship areas
  • Church
  • Lighthouse
  • City planning parks
  • Waterfronts
  • Apartments
  • Public works Real estate, safe housing, condos, etc
• Contemporary vs. Modern

  Contemporary: 1960 – still emerging, produced by artists living today; Modern: 1880 - 1960, traditional
• Contemporary is a fluid term and its use can change depending on context
• Historical and Stylistic Context

  • Artist in Modern Art Style: Victorio Edades, Father of Philippine Modern Art, initiating the Modern Art movement that challenged the Neoclassic style
• Characteristics of Neoclassical Art


  • Depicts reality as closely as possible and idealizes it: beautiful and pastoral, academic, creates illusions of depthness, nearness and farness, familiar and comfortable
• Characteristics of Modern Art


  • Depicts what might be thought of as ugly and unpleasant, does not aim to copy and idealize reality, changes colors and flattens the picture instead of creating illusions of depth, referred to as traditional compared to Contemporary Art
• Contemporary Art is the art of the present, which is continuously in process and in flux
• Comparison and Contrast of Contemporary Art and Modern Art

  Man and Carabao by H.Ocampo (1949), Morning Dance by Cesar Legaspi (1982), Social Realist/NeoRealist, Social Realist of the 70s are considered heirs of Neo-Realists, Contemporary art is influenced by Social Realism
• Contemporary Art is site-specific, they cannot be experienced in the same way if removed from their original places of exhibit whether in the gallery
• Characteristics of Contemporary Art

  • Site-specific
  • Process-based
  • Collaborative and Interactive
  • Distinguishable from Modern Art in historical, stylistic and cultural terms
  • Never fixed, but open to many possibilities
  • Art as a window to the Philippine contemporary life
• Pre-Colonial terms

  • Pre Conquest
  • Indigenous
  • Pre Colonial
• Art before colonization: everyday expressions were all integrated within rituals
• Earliest Forms of Theater / Rituals

  
  

  1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) - ritual that opens the fishing season of DIBANG or flying fish.
  2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region) - officiated by shaman or mumbaki. It involves animal sacrifice where the entrails are read through a process of divination.
  3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao) - ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting.
  4. Tagbanwa (Palawan) - shamans got into trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing and are believed to be taken over the goddesses themselves.
• Ethnic Musical Instruments


  • Kudyapi - 3 stringed guitar
  • Kulintang - array of bossed gongs
  • Gansa - flat gong
  • Agong - large bossed gong
• Native Dance Forms

  • Pangalay (Sulu)
  • Kinabua (Mandaya)
  • Banog-banog (Higaonon and B’laan)
  • Man-manok (Bago Tribe)
  • Talip (Ifugao)
  • Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli)
  • Tinikling (Tagalog)
• Carving


  • Bulul (Cordillera)
  • Hagabi (Ifugao)
  • Paete, Laguna & Betis, Pampanga
  • Okir
  • Sarimanok
  • Naga
  • Pako Rabong
  • Panolong
  • Terracotta or Clay forms like Manunggul Jar, Palayok, Banga, Tapayan
  • Burnay pottery in Vigan, Ilocos
• Weaving has a long history in the Philippines with rich textile weaving traditions
• Woven Textiles


  • Pis Syabit - headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
  • Malong - has exquisite tapestry patterns
• Textiles


  • Pis Syabit - headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
  • Malong - has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur
• Mat and Basket Weaving

  • Tepo Mat - a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi made of pandan leaves
  • Ovaloid Baskets - made of nito and bamboo are used as a head sling to carry harvest
  • Bubo - fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the Ilocos Region
• Tattoos in Visayas 'Islas de los Pintados' are shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand
• Other ethnolinguistic groups that practice tattooing

  • Kalinga
  • Kankanay
  • Ibaloi
  • Ifugao
• Tattoos are a badge of maturity and bravery and have divine power that protects from evil spirits
• Jewelry


  • The T’boli are known for wearing brass chains, bells, and colorful beads
  • Lotoans - betel nut boxes of various shapes
  • Functional Containers - textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles, and tendrils swarm over exteriors
• Brass Kendi and Gadur


  • Brass Kendi used for pouring liquids
  • Gadur used for gifts
• Islamic Colonial gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as the 13th Century
• Islam influenced Tausug, Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao, and some areas in Palawan as early as the 16th century
• The notion of Tawhid or Unity with God influences art by emphasizing the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine being
• Islamic Art Influences


  • Elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs in mosque interiors
  • Abstract form and patterns
  • Bulbous Dome expressing all levels of cosmic existence
  • Courtyard or Ka’bah serving as the function of ablution
  • Gardens within the mosque compound
• Panolong is an elaborately carved protrusion skin to a wing attached to the Torogan
• Luhul or Canopy takes inspiration from the tree of life
• Islam is culturally dominant in the Southern Philippines
• Spanish Colonial period lasted from 1521 to 1898
• Lowland Christians


  • Habitants in the central part of the island