Ch 7

• During independence there were 562 Princely states
• 48% of Princely states had stakes in the total area of India
• 20% of India's population resided in these Princely states
• Examples of Princely states

  • Kashmir
  • Hyderabad
  • Mysore
• Princely states included big states such as Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Mysore as well as several small states. Some states were as small as a village
• It was a mammoth task to convince the Kings and Nawabs of these states to merge with India
• If India failed to merge these states with the Indian Union


  Foreign rulers may again invade these states and later India
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a heroic and leading role in accomplishing the task of convincing the Kings and Nawabs to merge with India
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's approach

  He appealed to the Kings and Nawabs of the Princely states that they should voluntarily give up their respective states in the interest of their subjects and the Union of India
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's approach

  He raised feelings of nationalism in India to reunite it
• Kings, Rajwadas, and Nawabs contributed to making a strong, integrated, and prosperous India
• Against Sardar Patel's assurance that their rights and interests will be protected once they merge with India

  The Kings, Rajwadas, and Nawabs contributed to the making of a strong, integrated, and prosperous India
• Preparation of important documents

  Sardar Patel and his secretary of the Home Department Mr. V.P Menon prepared the draft for two important documents namely 'Attachment bond' and 'Status Quo Agreement'
• They acknowledged the contribution of various kinds in the merger and support for united India. This made the kings happy
• Except Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagarh, 559 Princely states merged with India
• Junagarh merged into Indian Union
• The Nawab of Junagarh wrote an instrument of accession to join Pakistan

  15th August 1947
• Pakistan gave consent for Junagarh to join them
• People of Junagarh living in Mumbai established 'Aarzi Hakumat in Mumbai'
• Mangrol and Manavadar declared their wish to join the Union of India
• Indian soldiers and navy besieged the Junagarh state to protect Manavadar and Mangrol, leading to the Nawab of Junagarh fleeing to Pakistan
• Referendum of the people of Junagarh was taken

  9th November 1947
• Junagadh's merger with the Union of India


  Made possible due to Sardar Patel's tremendous efforts for the people of Junagarh
• Hyderabad merged into Indian Union
• Nizam of Hyderabad declared its independence

  15th August
• Hyderabad couldn't remain independent due to being surrounded by Indian Territory
• Nizam stated that if the country would be divided, they would prefer to remain independent due to ideological reasons
• People of Hyderabad

  Eager to join the Union of India
• Nizam officers started committing atrocities on the people of Hyderabad
• Hyderabad was merged with the Union of India using Police Force, and Nizam surrendered himself


  18th September, 1948
• Kanaialal Munshi played a very crucial role in the entire episode
• Merger of Diu, Daman and Goa


  15th August, 1947
• Political leaders and Satyagrahis entered Diu, Daman and Goa
• In 'Free Goa Agitation' thousands of volunteers died
• Attempts such as negotiation, persuasion and Satyagrahs proved to be unsuccessful


  The Indian government decided to begin 'Operation Vijay' to liberate Goa
• Portuguese Governor, De-Silva, surrendered to Indian government


  December 18th 1961
• The Indian army captured Goa, Daman and Diu and hoisted Indian flag there
• Thus the last remains of the Western rule disappeared from India
• Goa, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, and Diu were merged with Union of India

  12th March, 1962
• These states were known as Union Territories