𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 (①⑦⓪⓪-①⑨⓪⓪)

• what was the benefit to microscope improvements?

  enabled the scientific breakthroughs of the 19th century.
• what was the continuity of theory of cause of disease?

  miasma.
• what did Louis Pasteur discover and when?

  the germ theory in 1861.
• who developed Pasteur's work?

  Robert Koch.
• what microbes did Koch discover between 1882-1883?

  tuberculosis and cholera.
• who was Florence Nightingale?

  ~ wrote two books.

  ~ enforced better styles of hospital (pavillion).

  ~ made a school for nurses.
• what were Nightingale's books called?

  notes on nursing and notes on hospitals.
• what did Nightingale cause nursing to be?

  more of a profession than it was before.
• what were the features of a pavillion style hospital?

  ~ cleanliness.

  ~ open wards.

  ~ good organisation.
• who was James Simpson?

  discovered chloroform anaesthetic.
• who was Joseph Lister?

  discovered carbolic spray antiseptic.
• what did the combination of Pasteur, Lister and Simpson's work allow for?

  aseptic surgical developments.
• what were some of the terms in the 1875 public health act?


  ~ cleaner water (Bazalgette redesigned the sewers).

  ~ public officers of health.
• who was Edward Jenner?

  created the vaccination for smallpox using cowpox.
• who did Jenner test his inoculation on?

  a 10-year-old boy called James Phipps.
• what year were vaccinations made compulsory?

  1852.
• why did people oppose Jenner?

  ~ doctors lost money.

  ~ inefficiency due to inexperienced doctors.

  ~ interfered with the plan of God.
• who was John Snow?

  discovered cholera in the pumps in London and paved the way for the second public health act.
• what were the symptoms of cholera?

  severe vomiting leading to dehydration.
• how did Snow discover the source of the cholera?

  mapped out the deaths and took the handle off of the broad street pump.
• why did people not believe Snow?

  he had no scientific evidence yet due to the fact the germ theory did not emerge until 1861.