Paper 1

• What topics are covered in AQA GCC chemistry paper 1?

  Atoms, bonding, quantitative chemistry, energy changes
• What is a compound?

  A substance with two or more different atoms bonded
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H2O
• How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?

  Two hydrogen atoms
• What does it mean if there's no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?

  It indicates an invisible one
• Why must chemical equations be balanced?

  Atoms are not created or destroyed in reactions
• What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

  Start with atoms only in compounds
• How do you balance hydrogen atoms in a reaction?

  Put a number in front of the compound
• What is a mixture?

  A combination of elements and compounds not bonded
• How can you separate sand from water?

  Using filtration
• What is crystallization used for?

  To separate a solute from a liquid
• What is distillation?

  Heating a solution to separate liquids
• What is fractional distillation?

  Separating liquids with different boiling points
• What are the three main states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, gas
• How do particles behave in a solid?

  They vibrate around fixed positions
• What happens to water when it evaporates?

  It becomes water vapor, a gas
• What must be supplied to melt or evaporate a substance?

  Energy, usually in the form of heat
• What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?

  The state of substances: solid, liquid, gas
• What does the symbol 's' represent?

  Solid
• What does the symbol 'l' represent?

  Liquid
• What does the symbol 'g' represent?

  Gas
• What does the symbol 'aq' represent?

  Aqueous, meaning dissolved in solution
• Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?

  JJ Thompson
• What did Rutherford discover about the atom?

  It has a small, dense nucleus
• What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?

  They exist in shells or orbitals
• What are protons and neutrons' relative charges?

  Protons +1, neutrons 0
• What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?

  Both have a relative mass of one
• What is the atomic number?

  The number of protons in the nucleus
• What happens if an atom gains or loses electrons?

  It becomes an ion
• What is the mass number?

  The total number of protons and neutrons
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
• What is relative abundance?

  The percentage of each isotope in a sample
• How is the average relative atomic mass calculated?

  By averaging the masses of isotopes
• What did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the periodic table?

  Grouped elements by properties, not just weight
• How are electrons arranged in shells?

  Filling from the inside out with specific limits
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

  Two electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?

  Eight electrons
• What are metals known for in terms of electron behavior?

  They donate electrons to achieve stability
• What are nonmetals known for in terms of electron behavior?

  They accept electrons to achieve stability
• What are the alkali metals?

  Group one metals with one outer electron