value free and value laden

• Who are the key thinkers associated with positivism?

  Durkheim, Comte, Marx
• What do positivists believe about the study of society?

  It should be objective and value-free
• What is the goal of sociologists according to positivists?

  To uncover the truth about society
• What does Gomm argue about value-free sociology?

  It is impossible and unsociological
• How do sociologists react to political and social events according to Gomm?

  They shape what is seen as social issues
• What are the three areas where sociology cannot be value-free?

  1. Choice of Subject or Topic
  2. Funding sources for research
  3. Methodology used in research
• How can the choice of subject or topic in sociology be influenced?

  By the values of the researcher and political power
• How does funding affect sociological research?

  It may come with ideological ties
• How can methodology in sociology be influenced?

  By the researcher's perspective and stance
• What do Gouldner and Becker argue about value-free sociology?

  It is impossible and undesirable
• What does Becker suggest sociologists should do?

  Take the side of the underdog
• What is the feminist perspective on sociology?

  It should expose the injustice of patriarchy
• What distinction does Weber make regarding sociology?

  Between facts and value judgments
• What areas can sociology be value-free according to Weber?

  • Data collection should be objective
  • Hypotheses must fit observed facts
• How does Weber view the interpretation of data in sociology?

  It requires a theoretical framework
• What role do values play in the choice of research topic?

  They reflect what is deemed important
• Why is the interpretation of data influenced by values?

  It is based on individual beliefs and frameworks