Digestion And Absorption

• What is the pathway of digestion in humans?

  mouth & salivary glands & oesophagus & stomach & small intestines & large intestines & rectum & anus
• What are the two parts of small intestines?

  duodenum & ileum
• Where is Carbohydrase eg Amylase made?

  pancreas & small intestines & salivary glands
• Where is Protease made?

  pancreas & small intestines & stomach
• Where is Lipase made?

  pancreas & small intestines
• What does the Gall Bladder contain?

  bile
• What is Bile?

  alkali & neutralises acids & emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets
• What happens in the lining of the Ileum?

  both sucrase & lactase are secreted
• What is the first step of Digestion of Starch?

  starch hydrolyesed into maltose
• What is the second step of Digestion of Starch?

  maltose is hydrolysed by enzyme maltase into glucose
• What is the definition of Maltase?

  enzyme that breaks maltose down
• What is the equation of Sucrase?

  C12H22O11 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
• What is the word equation for Lactase?

  lactose + water --> glucose + galactose
• What is the definition of Endo-hydrolyses?

  protein into polypeptides & endopeptidase peptidase & enzyme are one type of protease
• What is the first step of the Digestion of Proteins?

  proteins hydrolyse into smaller polpeptides
• What is the second step of the Digestion of Proteins?

  smaller polypeptides hydrolyse by the enzyme exopeptidase into dipeptides
• What is the third step of the Digestion Of Proteins?

  dipeptides hydrolyse into amino acids
• What are Micelles?

  small fat droplets & hydrolyse ester bonds
• What is the first step of Digestion of Lipids?

  large fat solubles emulsify into micelles
• What is the second step of Digestion of Lipids?

  micelles emulsify into fatty acids and glycerol
• How is the Ileum adapted for absorbing products of Digestion?

  . vili - long so large surface area,

  . vili - thin walls for short diffusion,

  . vili - own capillary so good blood supply,
• How are the intestinal Epithelial cells adapted for absorbing the products of Digestion?

  lots of mitochondria for active transport to generate ATP & large number of Golgi and ER
• What is the first step of Absorbing Fatty Acids & Glycerol?

  short chain fatty acids diffuse into the cell
• What is the second step of Absorbing Fatty Acids & Glycerol?

  diffuse into blood
• What is the third step of Absorbing Fatty Acids & Glycerol?

  transported to the endoplasmic reticulum
• What is the fourth step of Absorbing Fatty Acids & Glycerol?

  they are packaged with cholesterol to form water soluble chylomicrons
• What is the fifth step of Absorbing Fatty Acids & Glycerol?

  absorbed to lacteal supply
• What does water soluble Chylomicrons mean?

  move out of cell by exotytosis