Aromatic Toolkit

• Benzene -> bromobenzene 


  Electrophilic substitution (bromination)

  Br2 (l)

  FeBr3

  warm
• Benzene -> benzenesulfonic acid

  Electrophilic substitution (sulfonation)

  c. H2SO4

  reflux
• Benzene -> chlorobenzene 


  Electrophilic substitution (chlorination)

  Cl2 (g)

  AlCl3

  anhydrous

  room temp
• Benzene -> acyl-benzene 


  Electrophilic substitution (Friedel-Crafts acylation)

  AlCl3

  reflux

  anhydrous
• Benzene -> alkyl-benzene 


  electrophilic substitution (friedel-crafts alkylation)

  R-Cl

  AlCl3

  reflux

  anhydrous
• Benzene -> nitrobenzene 


  Electrophilic substitution (nitration)

  c. HNO3

  c. H2SO4

  les than 55oC
• Phenylamine -> diazonium compound 


  Nucleophilic substitution (diazotisation)

  HCl (aq)

  NaNO2 (aq)

  less than 5oC
• Diazonium compound -> azo dye

  Electrophilic substitution (coupling)

  NaOH (aq)

  less than 5oC

  coupling agent= phenol or aromatic amine