Mexico - EDC

• There are around 12 million Mexican migrants living in the USA, making up about half of all immigrants to the USA.
• The US-Mexican border is over 3000km long, with many crossing points.
• What are pull factors from USA

  wages are 10X higher

  higher standard of living

  existing communities often entice chain migration
• What are push factors from Mexico

  High crime rates

  half pop live below poverty line
• How many people try get across the Mexican border

  10,000 per week
• What are the popular routes to crossing the border

  Sonoran desert and river Rio grande
• bracero programme

  1940-60s.

  agricultural seasonal workers - 5 million were employed
• Operation wetback

  1950s

  deportation to Mexico of one million illegal migrants
• Immigration and nationality act

  1965

  a visa system was developed

  2 year wait
• Maquilas 


  1960s onward

  Bracero programme ended and us factories were set up on the border
• Immigration reform and control act

  1986

  over 2 million Mexicans were granted legal entrance. us governments strengthen border control
• what is mexico net migration

  Net emigration loss -17/1000
• Why do Mexicans migrate to USA

  wages are higher

  fewer intervening obstacles

  chain migration
• Why do Mexicans migrate to Canada

  Seasonal work
• Why do Mexicans migrate to Spain

  Hispanic influences
• Why do people migrate from USA to Mexico

  deportation

  American retirees as living is cheaper

  returning Mexicans
• why do Guatemalans move to Mexico

  Flee due to 36 year war

  natural disaster
• what did emigration from Mexico lead to a shortage of

  workers - led to an 8% pay rise.
• What was sent back from the migrants

  Remittances - increased standard of living
• What is a negative if remittances

  Can increase social inequality and lead to more people migrating
• What do remittances do for the tax base of Mexico

  More people can afford houses so there is a larger tax base. Means more money can be spent on public services
• Mexican gov matches funding of what by how much

  Matched funding of HTAs by 3:1 ratio.
• What did Donal trump say he would do

  Build a wall along the border.
• What did Biden say about the wall


  He wouldn’t build another foot of it
• Remittances are equal to what percent of GDP

  2.5