reactions with metals

• What is meant by the term "reactivity"?

  How vigorously a substance chemically reacts
• How can metals be arranged based on their reactivity?

  By comparing their reactions with water, acid, or oxygen
• What is the name for a list of metals organized by their reactivity?

  Reactivity series
• What determines the relative reactivity of metals, in terms of electrons?

  How easily they lose their outer shell electron(s)
• Why are gold and silver typically found as pure elements in the Earth's crust?

  They are very unreactive
• What is defined as an ore?

  Rock containing enough metal compound for extraction
• How are metals that are less reactive than carbon extracted from their ores?

  Reduction with carbon
• In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?

  Removal of oxygen
• In terms of oxygen, what is oxidation?

  Addition of oxygen
• Why can't metals like potassium and aluminum be extracted via reduction with carbon?

  They are more reactive than carbon
• How are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted from their ores?

  Electrolysis
• What occurs in a displacement reaction?

  More reactive substance replaces a less reactive substance
• What is the definition of an ionic equation?

  Equation with substances as ions, spectator ions removed
• In an ionic equation, what type of substance is represented as ions?

  Ionic compounds in solution (or liquid)
• What is meant by the term spectator ion?

  Ion that is unchanged in a reaction
• What is a half equation?

  Equation that shows electron loss or gain
• In terms of electrons, what is oxidation?

  Loss of electrons
• In terms of electrons, what is reduction?

  Gain of electrons