reactions of acids

• In terms of pH, what defines an acid?

  A solution with a pH of less than 7
• What pH value characterizes a neutral solution?

  A solution with a pH of 7
• In terms of H⁺ ions, what is the definition of an acid?

  Releases H⁺ ions when dissolved in water
• How does the concentration of H⁺ ions relate to the pH of a solution?

  More H⁺ ions means lower pH
• What are the names and formulae of three common acids?

  • Hydrochloric acid, HCl
  • Sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄
  • Nitric acid, HNO₃
• What tools are used to measure the pH of a substance?

  Universal indicator or pH probe
• What characterizes a strong acid in terms of ionization?

  Molecules or ions completely ionise in water
• How does a weak acid differ from a strong acid in terms of ionization?

  Molecules or ions partially ionise in water
• What is the definition of a salt?

  Metal ion takes place of hydrogen ion
• What types of salts are formed by sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid respectively?

  • Sulfuric acid: Sulfates
  • Hydrochloric acid: Chlorides
  • Nitric acid: Nitrates
• What are the products when a metal reacts with an acid?

  Salt + hydrogen
• What products form from the reaction of a metal hydroxide and an acid?

  Salt + water
• What are the resulting products of a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

  Salt + water
• What are the products of the reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?

  Salt + water + carbon dioxide
• What is a base?

  Substance that reacts with acids
• What defines an alkali?

  Dissolves in water to form pH>7
• What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?

  Neutralisation reaction
• What is the ionic equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali?

  H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)
• What process is used to isolate a solid salt from a solution?

  Crystallisation
• In a reaction between an acid and a metal, which species undergoes oxidation?

  The metal
• During an acid-metal reaction, which species is reduced?

  Hydrogen