MODULE 2 ( PHLEB LEC )

• Maintaining a safe environment

  INFECTION CONTROL
• Hospital acquired/Develops an infection 48 hrs or more after admission or within 30 days after discharge

  NOSCOMIAL INFECTION
• Restricted to one area of the body

  LOCAL INFECTION
• Affects the entire body

  SYSTEMIC INFECTION
• Spread from person to person

  COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
• What are the 6 Chain of Infection

  INFECTIOUS AGENT, RESERVOIR, PORTAL OF EXIT, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, PORTAL OF ENTRY, AND SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
• Cause of an Infection

  INFECTIOUS AGENT
• Examples of Infectious Agent

  BACTERIA, VIRUS, FUNGI
• Source of an infectious agents/Has an acute infection

  RESERVOIR
• Examples of Reservoir

  PEOPLE OR TABLE
• Excretions, Secretions, Droplets


  PORTAL OF EXIT
• Examples of Portal of Exit

  COUGHING, SNEEZING, BODILY SECRETIONS, FECES
• Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Vectors


  MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Mucous Membrane, Gastrointestinal Tract, Respiratory Tract, or Broken Skin


  PORTAL OF ENTRY
• Examples of Portal of Entry

  TOUCHING, KISSING, DROPLET (PHYSICAL & NON-PHYSICAL) TALKING, VEHICLE, AIRBORNE, VECTOR
• Age, Disease, Medication, Immunosuppressive agents

  SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
• Examples of Susceptible Host

  AIDS, YEAST, AND MYCOPLASMA
• Can come from source's own flora (surface)

  AUTOGENOUS INFECTION
• All patient and clinical specimens are considered BIOHAZARDOUS/Developed in 1985 by CDC

  UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Most acquired diseases in a Hospital

  AIDS & HEPATITIS B
• All patient has the potential to spread diseases through body substances

  BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI)
• Creates first tier of precautions for all patients regardless of their diagnosis or infectious status/Maintain the PPE AND barrier control/1996 the CDC

  STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
• Six Major Tactics in Reducing Exposure Risk

  ENGINEERING CONTROLS, WORK PRACTICES, HOUSEKEEPING, HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) VACCINATION, PRIVATE ROOMS, AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
• Engineering Controls


  TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE POTENTIAL TO TRANSFER INFECTIOUS DISEASES/ALL CONTAINERS SHOULD HAVE BIOHAZARD SYMBOL
• Work Practices


  TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFECTION EX. HANDWASHING
• Alcohol Based Cleaners


  REDUCED THE NUMBER OF BACTERIA ON THE SKIN SURFACE
• Antiseptic Technique


  USED ON SKIN SURFACES; SAFE TO HUMAN
• Mostly used Antiseptic


  70% ETHYL ALCOHOL
• Mostly used to Puncture

  POVIDONE-IODINE
• Alternative if allergic to alcohol

  HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• Disinfecting hand surfaces; Too harsh on skin, but they can kill up to 100% of contaminants

  DISINFECTION
• Least expensive and most effective

  10% HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION (10% HOUSEHOLD BLEACH)
• Occupational acquired hepatitis & HIV

  ACCIDENTAL NEEDLE PRICK
• Involve cleaning up spills and decontaminating soiled areas

  HOUSEKEEPING
• Must be available at no charge to the phlebotomist; Effective for 15 or more years in protecting to the phlebotomist

  HEPATITIS B VACCINATION
• Reduces the possibility of transmission of infection by separating a patient with diseases; the room should hav anteroom where anyone can enter or leave the room

  PRIVATE ROOMS
• Personal Protective Equipment


  MASK, GOOGLES, LAB GOWNS, GLOVES
• Donning


  LAB GOWN, MASK, GOOGLES, GLOVES
• Doffing


  GLOVES, GOOGLES, LAB GOWN, MASK
• Establishment of the disease-specific isolation

  ISOLATION TECHNIQUE