Geography

• Manufacturing industries needed a lot of low-skilled labour.
• Factories were built in old urban areas where labour supply was abundant.
• people could find jobs easily.
• they could also save the time and cost of commuting.
• however,these factories caused air and noise pollution problems
• They posed fire risks
• they posed fire risks and raised safety concerns
• Industrial areas in new towns are separated from residential areas by 1. Green belt 2. recreational areas 3. community facilities
• The green belts and recreational areas, community facilities reduces the negative impacts of industrial activities on people
• Tai Po industrial Estate is an example of such reducing of negative impacts of industrial activities on people.
• Recreational : Tai Po Waterfront Park , residential areas . Community: Car park

  
• High-tech industries are usually located in the suburbs near high-income residential areas.
• The pleasant living environment in high-income areas is attracted to IT professionals.
• There is not enough housing in HK.
• Private housing is very expensive , many people cannot afford it.
• Even though rents of public housing are lower, its supply is insufficient to meet people’s needs.
• Housing problems: Shortage of housing and poor living environments
• The urban areas are densely built
• Many old buildings in Hong kong lack maintenance .（維護）
• Old buildings have hygiene and safety problems
• Also some people live in subdivided flats , where the living environment is overcrowded .
• In 2020 the waiting time for public housing was 5.5 years.
• More than 210000 people live in subdivided flats
• The average rent for subdivide flats are the highest among different types of flats.
• Cars and power plants are the main sources of air pollutants
• Roadside air pollution is particularly severe in commercial areas with heavy traffic , such as Causeway Bay
• High levels of air pollutions can cause health problems
• solid waste is the largest source of land pollution in HK.
• More than 10000 tonnes of solid waste are sent to the landfills everyday.
• Most of the solid waste are food waste.
• Landfilling solid waste produces sewage that produces soil and groundwater