NAIL DISORDERS

• Anonychia congenita


  Absent part
• Psoriasis


  Pitting
• Lichen planus


  cuticle invasion
• Monilia


  dark brown pigmentation, ridging
• Tinea


  Distal onycholysis
• iron deficiency


  spoon nails
• Ectodermal dysplasia


  discoloured nails with inverted edges
• Toxins, malignancy, hypoxia


  Clubbing
• Anxiety


  short and overcut nails (biting)
• Infective endocarditis


  splinter haemorrhage
• Lymphoedema, bronchiectasis, lymphoma


  yellow nails
• Hepatic cirrhosis


  half and half
• Rheumatoid arthritis


  ridging
• Addison's disease, breast cancer, melanoma


  longitudinal brown lines
• Anemia


  white nails
• Polycythemia, systemic lupus


  red nail
• Nephrotic syndrome


  horizontal white and pink bands
• Detergents and water, hypothyroidism


  brittle nail
• 160 degrees


  normal nail angle
• Rosenbaum chart


  is the most widely used handheld card for measuring near vision.