Animal Reproduction

• Reproduction - Part of a life cycle in which individuals grow, develop, and reproduce according to instructions encoded in DNA
• Sexual reproduction involves the union of two parents' genetic material through fertilization.
• Asexual reproduction is the production of new organisms from one parent without sexual processes or fusion of gametes.
• Asexual reproduction is when an organism produces offspring without mating with another individual.
• Examples of animals that use asexual reproduction include hydra, planaria, starfish, and some species of fish.
• It is also called "clonal reproduction" as the offspring shows the exact copy of the parent.
• Fission - involves the division of the body into two or more equal parts.
• Example of Fission - Amoeba, Paramecium
• Budding - A new individual arises as an outgrowth from its parent.
• Budding - The new outgrowth can become an independent animal or may remain to be attached to the parent forming a colony.
• Fragmentation - the body breaks into two or more parts, which each fragment capable of becoming a complete individuals.
• Example of Fragmentation: Starfish, Earthworms
• Sexual Reproduction - the creation of offspring by the fusion of gametes to form a zygote (fertilized egg).
• Sexual Reproduction - Most animals, particularly the higher forms, reproduces sexually produced by the parents in their sexual organs.
• The majority of these animals are dioecious (separate sexes)
• Gametogenesis - Production of gametes
• Spawning or Mating - bringing gametes together
• Fertilization - fusion of gametes (external or internal fertilization)
• External Fertilization - Mating partners usually release eggs and sperms into the water simultaneously.
• Example of External Fertilization - Many Fish, amphibians, and other sexual aquatic animals.
• Internal Fertilization - the male generally delivers sperm cells directly into the body of the female.
• Internal Fertilization - her moist tissues provide the watery medium required for movement of sperm.