chapter 1

• The National Party came to power

  1948
• Four racial categories in South Africa

  • Whites (Europeans)
  • Africans
  • Coloured people
  • Indians (Asiatic people)
• Original inhabitants of South Africa

  • San or Bushmen
• Boer


  Afrikaans for 'farmer'
• Afrikaans


  A language spoken by several groups within South Africa which evolved from Dutch
• The Boers later called themselves Afrikaners
• Largest African kingdom in South Africa


  • Zulu
• One million white people of British descent were in South Africa according to the 1951 census
• Approximately 1.1 million Coloured people were in South Africa in 1951
• Africans were completely disenfranchised


  1936
• 21% of the population decided the outcome of the 1948 election
• 3% of the South African population was Indian
• Apartheid

  Apartness
• City developed following the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand


  • Johannesburg
• The nationalists exploited the 'poor white problem' by

  Appealing to their sense of insecurity and promising protected employment
• 80% of the land was owned by white people
• Dominant religion of South Africa


  • Christianity
• The Boer War was


  1899-1902
• The Great Trek was when a quarter of Afrikaners left the Cape Colony to establish independent Boer republics
• Names of the two Boer republics

  • The Transvaal
  • The Orange Free State
• The Broederbond was a secret and exclusively male Afrikaner Calvinist organization to advance their interests
• The Ossewabrandwag was a mass anti-war movement
• The Ossewabrandwag had 300,000 members at its peak
• Smuts was the leader of the United Party in 1948
• Swaart gevaar means Black danger
• Oorstrooming means Flooding (of the cities by black people)
• Miscegenation means Sexual relations across the colour line
• Malan was the leader of the National Party in 1948
• The National Party won 38% of the vote in the 1948 election
• The United Party won 49% of the vote in the 1948 election
• The electoral system that helped the National Party win power was The Westminster Constituency System
• Reserves


  • The heartlands of the old African kingdoms
• The Natives Land Act of 1913 and the Natives Trust Act of 1936 protected the reserves for occupation by Africans
• South Africa's relationship with Britain in 1948 was

  South Africa was a self-governing part of the British Empire
• The representative of the British monarch in Cape Town was The Governor-General
• The Afrikaners celebrated the centenary of the Great Trek in 1938
• 180,000 white South African men served in the army during WWII
• The main language of most Coloured people was Afrikaans
• 8.5 million Africans were in South Africa according to the 1951 census
• Khoikhoi


  • San people who adopted the farming practices of African migrants