cells, tissues, organs and systems

• all organisms have seven life processes. what are they?


  movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion, nutrition
• what is movement?

  a change of position
• what is respiration?

  use of glucose+oxygen to make energy+excess water+CO2 with the mitochondria
• what is sensitivity


  ability to detect and respond to changes
• what is growth?


  permanent increase in size and dry mass
• what is reproduction?


  making more copies
• what is excretion?


  removal of metabolic waste(excess water, urea in urine and co2) and things we need but have too much off
• what is egestion?


  removal of undigested food
• what is nutrition?


  taking in of materials for energy growth and development
• what is metabolism?


  all chemical processes that occur within an organism to keep it alive

  a way to capture energy to use it
• what is a cell?


  the most basic unit of life

  *viruses are not cells
• what is a cell surface membrane?


  a very thin bag that keeps the cell together and controls what enters and exits the cell
• what is cytoplasm?


  cell activities happen here
• what is nucleus?


  controls the cell
• what is a protoplasm?


  basic components of a cell
• unicellular


  one cell
• multicellular


  more than one cell
• homeostasis


  a regulation of temperature, ph, etc
• cell wall


  made of cellulose, a box with holes that supports the cell
• vacuole


  large storage space filled with cell sap
• chloroplasts


  contains chlorophyll that makes food during photosynthesis
• how do you find magnification?


  length of drawing/length of actual specimen
• types of cells

  stem cells, bone cells, muscle cells , nerve cells, fat cells, skin cells, endothelial cells, sex cells, pancreatic cells, cancer cells, red blood cells
• what are tissues?


  a group of cells
• what are specialised cells

  they have different shapes, sizes and functions
• what is the cell theory?

  • all organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • the cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
  • all cells come from pre-existing cells
• how much is one micrometer?

  0.000001 m
• what are the different types of microscopes?

  brightfield and darkfield
• what is the diaphragm?

  used to adjust light
• eyepiece lens * objective lens = total magnification
• what are organs made of?


  different types of tissues
• what do these tissues do?


  they have a certain function in each organ

  eg. the muscle tissue in the heart is the part that moves to pump blood
• do plants have organs made of tissue?


  yes, roots have hairs on the outside that are root hair tissue which helps to take water out of the soil quickly
• is the skin an organ?


  yes, it protects you
• what are the ten major organ systems?


  skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproduction
• which organ systems creates the infrastructure that facilitates the other systems?


  skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular and nervous
• what is the function of xylem tissue?


  it carries water up from the roots
• what is an organ system?


  a group of organs working together
• what does the respiratory system do and what organs does it contain?


  Function: Gas exchange(takes air into body, gets rid of waste gas) Organs: Lungs, trachea, diaphragm
• what does the circulatory system do and what organs does it contain?


  Function: Transport blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients, and remove waste products Organs: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)