Legislation and Protocols

• Legislation and Protocols:

  • national and international laws
  • penalties and fines are used as a disincentive

  Examples:

  • The Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981)
  • Designated protected areas
  • CITES
• The Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981):

  • a UK law that protects UK wildlife
  • protects habitats and species
  • It creates designated protected areas in the UK

  Examples:

  • habitat - freshwater chalk streams
  • Sp. - it used to be just UK endangered species, now it is only critically endangered species. All mammals are protected including bats
• Designated protected areas:

  • Land use is only for protecting a key environmental feature such as habitats or species - activities are restricted
  • creates protection for species and habitats
  • creates restrictions on activities within and outside the protected areas
  • Active conservation occurs in these areas
  • People are encouraged to go to protected areas for money income and awareness. This increases public support of the area

  UK:

  • SSSI - Site of Special Scientific Interest
  • MCZ - Marine Conservation Zone
  • NNR - National Nature Reserve eg New Forest

  EU designations:

  • SPA land
  • SAC water
• CITES:

  • Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species
  • It is an international legislation about trade between nation
  • species and habitats of species or resources are categorised into appendices - what can be traded or not

  Appendix 1 - endangered species which cannot be traded at all

  Appendix 2 - threatened species can only be traded if the importer and exporter has a permit

  Appendix 3 - vulnerable species can be traded unless the country it is coming from says it can't. This is country dependant. This would happen if the species is endangered in the country but not globally.