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module 2
cell division
meiosis
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Created by
Emma salvidge
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Cards (29)
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce
haploid
gametes
for reproduction
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What occurs during Meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes
pair up
Crossing over occurs
Homologous chromosomes separate
Chromosome number
is halved
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What happens to homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?
They pair up and exchange genetic material
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What is the outcome of homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis I?
Chromosome number is halved
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How does Meiosis II compare to mitosis?
Similar process to mitosis
Sister chromatids
separate
Results in four
haploid cells
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How many haploid cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
haploid cells
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What are the sources of genetic variation in meiosis?
Crossing over
Independent assortment
Random fertilization
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What is crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
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What is independent assortment in meiosis?
Random distribution of
maternal
and
paternal
chromosomes
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What does random fertilization refer to in meiosis?
Different
gametes
combine at fertilization
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What are the key features of meiosis?
Produces four
genetically
different
haploid
gametes
Used in
sexual reproduction
Involves two rounds of division (
meiosis I
and II)
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What is the first stage of meiosis called?
Meiosis I
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What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?
Chromosomes condense and become visible
Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis)
Crossing over occurs at chiasmata
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Spindle fibers form
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What is the process called when homologous chromosomes pair up?
Synapsis
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What occurs during crossing over in Prophase I?
Exchange of
genetic material
between non-sister
chromatids
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What happens to the nuclear envelope during Prophase I?
It
breaks down
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What forms during Prophase I of meiosis?
Spindle fibers
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What occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis?
Bivalents
align along the
metaphase
plate
Independent
assortment
occurs
Spindle
fibers
attach
to
centromeres
of
homologous
chromosomes
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What is independent assortment in Metaphase I?
Random orientation of each
bivalent
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What happens to homologous chromosomes during Anaphase I?
They are pulled to
opposite poles
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What remains attached during Anaphase I?
Sister chromatids
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What occurs during Telophase I and Cytokinesis?
Nuclear envelope may reform briefly
Cell divides into two
haploid
cells
Each chromosome still has two
sister chromatids
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What is the second stage of meiosis called?
Meiosis II
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How does Meiosis II differ from Meiosis I?
Similar to
mitosis
Starts with
haploid
cells
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What happens during Prophase II of meiosis?
Chromosomes
condense
again
Spindle fibers
form
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What occurs during Metaphase II of meiosis?
Chromosomes
line up individually
Spindle fibers attach to
centromeres
of
sister chromatids
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What happens during Anaphase II?
Sister chromatids
separate and move to
opposite poles
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What occurs during Telophase II and Cytokinesis?
Nuclear envelopes reform
Cytoplasm divides
Result: Four
genetically
different
haploid
daughter cells
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How many genetically different haploid daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
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