Fungi

• Fungi (5 Phyla)

  • Chytridiomycota
  • Zygomycota
  • Glomeromycota
  • Basidiomycota
  • Ascomycota 
• Lichen 3 Major Types

  • Crustose
  • Foliose
  • Fructose
• CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

  • Fungi are eukaryotes
  • Vary in size and shape
  • Cell wall is composed in part of chitin
  • Non photosynthetic
  • Heterotrophs
  • Decomposers
  • Grow best in moist habitats
• BODY STRUCTURE OF FUNGI

  • Range from unicellular yeasts, to the multicellular, filamentous molds
• FILAMENTOUS MOLDS:

  • Hyphae
  • One of the threadlike filaments composing the mycelium of a fungus
  • Mycelium 
  • The vegetative (non reproductive) body of most fungi, consisting of branched network of hyphae
• REPRODUCTION

  • Reproduce by microscopic spores (usually produced on aerial hyphae)
  • Mushroom arial hyphae – fruiting bodies
  • Fungi produce spores either sexually or asexually
• CHYTRIDS

  • A fungus characterized by the production of flagellated cells at some stage in its life history
  • Small, relatively simple.
  • Unicellular; simple body - thallus
  • 500 million years ago existing
  • Most primitive group of fungi
  • Aquatic
  • Reproduce sexually or asexually
  • Asexual spores = zoospores
• ZYGOMYCOTA

  • Aka conjugated fungi
  • Produces non-septated hyphae with many nuclei
  • If Hyphae is fused during sexual reproduction it will result in a zygospore in a zygosporangium
• ZYGOMYCETES

  • A fungus characterized by the production of nonmotile, asexual spores and sexual zygospores
  • Rhizopus nigricans 
  • black bread mold
  • Microsporidia 
  • classified with the zygomycetes
• GLOMEROMYCOTA

  • Comprises of 230 species
  • Lives in close association with the roots of trees of plants which is called:
  • mycorrhizae
• GLOMEROMYCETES

  • A fungus that forms a distinctive branching form (arbuscular mycorrhizae) of endomycorrhizae
  • Reproduce asexually with large multinucleate spores called blastospores.
  • Endomycorrhizal fungi 
  • Fungi that form mycorrhizae that extends into plant roots
• ASCOMYCOTA

  • Sac fungi
  • Asexual reproduction - common form of reproduction
• ASCOMYCETES

  • A fungus characterized by the production of non motile, asexual conidia and sexual ascospores.
  • Includes most yeasts, blue-green, pink and brown molds that causes food spoilage, cup fungi and the edible truffles and morels.
• BASIDIOMYCOTA

  • Club fungi
  • Contains basidia in the form of clubs
  • Spores are formed in basidia
  • mushroom
• BASIDIOMYCETE

  • A fungus characterized by the production of sexual basidiospores.
  • Basidiocarp (mushroom) 
  • stalk and cap
  • gills – lower surface of the cap
• LICHEN

  • Exist for about 400 Million years ago
  • Aka group of terrestrial organisms
  • Rocks, walls, gravestones, roofs, soils, tree barks
• LICHENS

  • A compound organism consisting of a symbiotic fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium.
  • Has symbiotic relationship in fungus
• Crustose

  • lichens that are flat and grow tightly attached to the rock.
• • Foliose
  • Lichens that are also flat, but they have leaflike lobes and are not so tightly attached.
• • Fruticose
  • lichens that grow erect and are branched and shrublike.