Plant tissues

• Cell components


  • Cytosol
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Smooth ER
  • Nucleus
  • Rough ER
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell Wall
  • Ribosome
• Broad types of plant tissue

  • Dermal Tissue
  • Vascular Tissue
  • Ground Tissue
• Plant tissues have different types with specific roles related to plant's growth, development, and functioning
• Indeterminate growth means plants continue to grow throughout their lives
• Plant tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function
• Types of Plant Tissue

  1. Composed of actively dividing cells

  2. Primarily composed of undifferentiated cells

  3. Responsible for the primary and secondary growth of the plant
• Types of Plant Tissue

  1. Mature, differentiated (non-dividing) cells

  2. Consists of cells that have undergone differentiation and specialization
• Types of Plant Tissue

  1. Specific location or region where meristematic cells are found

  2. Cells may be rounded, oval or polygonal

  3. Without intercellular space

  4. No food reserve
• Types of Plant Tissue

  1. Meristematic Tissue

  2. Permanent Tissue
• Meristematic Tissue


  1. Shoot apical meristem (SAM) found at the tips of shoots and buds, responsible for the growth of stems, leaves, and flowers

  2. Root apical meristem (RAM) located at the tips of roots, responsible for root growth and development
• Meristematic Tissue


  1. Vascular Cambium present in the stems and roots of woody plants, production of secondary vascular tissues (xylem & phloem)

  2. Cork Cambium found in the outer layers of stems and roots, produces the protective cork tissue (periderm)

  3. Intercalary Meristem present at the base of internodes in certain plant groups, responsible for the elongation of internodes
• Types of Permanent Tissue

  Simple Tissue, Complex Tissue
• Parenchyma

  Cells have thin cell walls, are found in the soft parts of plants, functions include photosynthesis, storage of nutrients, and gaseous exchange
• Collenchyma

  has uneven thickened cell wall with cellulose and pectin but no lignin, function is to provide flexibility and mechanical support to young, growing plant parts such as stems, leaves, and petioles
• Simple Tissue


  Collenchyma
• Parenchyma


  • Uneven thickened cell wall with cellulose and pectin but no lignin
  • Function: provide flexibility and mechanical support to young, growing plant parts such as stems, leaves, and petioles
• Collenchyma


  • Long, narrow cells with thick, lignified cell walls
  • Mature parts of the plant
  • Either sclereids or fibers
  • Function: provide structural support and protection
• Complex Tissue

  • Made of more than one type of cells that work together as a unit
• Complex tissues in plants

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Xylem


  • Water-conducting tissue
  • Components in angiosperms: tracheids, vessels, xylem fibers, xylem parenchyma
  • Tracheids: elongated, tapering cells with thick, lignified cell walls
  • Vessel elements: shorter and wider than tracheids with thinner walls
  • Xylem Parenchyma: only living cells of xylem, store starch and fat
  • Xylem Fibers: dead cells with lignified walls providing mechanical support
• 4 elements of Xylem: Xylem, Tracheids, Vessel, Fibers, Parenchyma
• Phloem


  • Food-conducting tissue
  • Phloem cells include: sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem fibers, parenchyma cells
• Sieve tube element


  • Conduits of food transport from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• Companion cells


  • Attached to sieve tube to provide energy, a sieve tube is dependent on its companion cell(s)
• Phloem Parenchyma


  • Storage of food and other materials such as resin and latex, absent in monocots
• Phloem fibers


  • Bast fibers made from sclerenchyma cells providing strength and support
• 4 elements of Phloem: Phloem, Sieve tube, Companion cell, Fibers, Parenchyma
• 3 types of Meristematic tissues

  -Apical Meristem

  -Lateral Meristem

  -Intercalary Meristem
• 2 Types of Apical Meristem

  -Shoot apical meristem (SAM)

  -root apical meristem (RAM)
• 2 Types of Lateral Meristem

  -vascular cambium

  -cork cambium
• 2 Types of Permanent Tissues

  -simple permanent tissue

  -complex permanent tissue
• Intercalary Meristem 


  present at the base of internodes (regions between nodes) in certain plant groups, such as grasses, responsible for the elongation of internodes.