transportation

• What does phloem transport?

  Transports glucose around the plant
• What is phloem composed of?

  A companion cell, sieve tube and a end wall
• What do the end walls in phloem have?

  Holes so it can allow sugar to be transported
• Is phloem living or non-living?

  Living
• What does xylem transfer?

  Water and minerals through the stem
• What does the xylem have for support?

  Rings of lignin
• Is the xylem living or non-living?

  non-living
• What is the importance of transpiration?

  Plants need water for photosynthesis
• What can we use to measure the rate of transpiration?

  Potometer
• What affects transpiration?

  High wind

  High light intensity

  High temperature

  Low humidity
• What do guard cells control?

  Opening and closing of the stomata
• When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata are?


  Open
• When the guard cells are plasmolysed, the stomata are?

  Closed
• explain stage 1 of transpiration

  Water moves by osmosis from HWC in the soil to LWC in the root hair cell down a water concentration through the semi-permeable membrane
• explain stage 2 of transpiration

  water moves across the cortex
• explain stage 3 of transpiration

  water then enters xylem and moves up the leaf
• explain stage 4 of transpiration

  water moves into the palisade mesophyll cells by osmosis from HWC outside to a LWC inside into spongy mesophyll
• explain stage 5 of transpiration

  Water evaporates from the spongy mesophyll into air spaces
• explain stage 6 of transpiration

  water evaporates through the stomata
• what are the limiting factors of active transport?

  Oxygen concentration

  Glucose concentration

  Temperature
• Explain diffusion

  Movements of substances from high concentration to low concentration down the concentration gradient
• Is diffusion a passive or active process?

  passive process
• Explain osmosis

  Movement of water from HWC outside to LWC inside down a concentration gradient through the semi-permeable membrane
• Is osmosis a passive or active process?

  passive
• Explain active transport

  Movement of substances from an area of low concentration to a high concentration up the concentration gradient
• Is active transport a passive or a active process?

  active
• Name the process responsible for the movement of water and its evaporation from the leafy shoot

  transpiration
• name a transport structure through which these chemicals could flow to move around the plant

  phloem/xylem