DNA AND RNA RG

• what do DNA and RNA carry?


  important information
• what are DNA and RNA both types of?

  nucleic acid
• where are DNA and RNA found

  in all living cells and they both carry info
• what is DNA stand for

  deoxyribonucleic acid
• what is DNA used to do?

  store genetic information - all the instructions an organism needs to grow and develop from a fertilised egg to a fully grown adult
• what is RNA stand for?

  ribonucleic acid
• what is one of RNA's main functions?

  to transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes

  • ribosomes read the RNA to make polypeptides in translation
• what are ribosomes made of

  RNA and proteins
• what are DNA and RNA both?

  polymers of nucleotides
• what is a nucleotide a type of

  biological molecule
• what is a nucleotide made from

  • a pentose sugar
  • a nitrogen-containing organic base
  • a phosphate group
• what is a pentose sugar

  a sugar with 5 carbon atoms
• what does organic mean


  means that it contains CARBON
• give one reason why nucleotides are important?

  they are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
• What is the sugar in DNA called

  deoxyribose
• what is the pentose sugar in a DNA molecule called?

  deoxyribose
• What does each DNA nucleotide have the same of?

  the same sugar and a phosphate group. the base on each nucleotide can vary though
• what are the 4 possible bases in DNA

  Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
• what is the sugar in RNA called?


  Ribose
• what does RNA contain?

  nucleotides with a ribose sugar
• what does a RNA nucleotide have?

  a phosphate group, ribose sugar and one of four different bases
• whatare the 4 possible bases for RNA?

  Uracil (replaces thymine as a base)

  Adenine

  Guanine

  Cytosine
• what do nucleotides join together to form

  polynucleotides
• what is a polynucleotide

  a polymer of nucleotides
• what do both DNA and RNA nucleotides form?

  polynucleotides
• how do the nucleotides join up

  Via a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one sugar and the sugar of another

  • this forms a phosphodiester bond - consisting of the phosphate group and 2 ester bonds
• whaat is the chain of sugars and phosphates known as?

  the sugar-phosphate backbone
• what are DNA and RNA?


  important information-carrying molecule
• what does DNA hold in all living cells?

  genetic information
• what does RNA do in all living cells?

  transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes
• what is each nucleotide formed from?

  a pentose, a nitrogen-containing organic base and a phosphate group
• a nucleotide: diagram

  aqa

  
• what is a DNA molecule?

  a double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs
• what is an RNA molecule?

  a relatively short polynucleotide chain
• is RNA made from a double or single polynucleotdie chain?

  single
• is DNA or RNA shorteer

  RNA
• why did scientists in the 2800s doubt that it could carry the genetic code


  because it has a relatively simple chemical composition.

  • some argued that genetic information was carried by proteins , which are much more chemically varied.