Gender differences in achievement

• 3 ways in which the ethnocentric curriculum may operate in the education system?


  History - Ball(1994) National curriculum ignores ethnic diversity

  
  

  Literature - David (1993)Ignores non-European language and music

  
  

  Music
• GCSE – In 2013, girls outperformed boys in terms of A*-C grades except Maths.
• In 2012-2013 Boys gained more A* grades at A-level than girls.
• In 2010/2011 there were 55% girls attending university compared to boys 45%.
• Haralambos and Holborn (2013) state the performance of boys are steadily improving and the gender gap has been narrowed.
• Mcdonald et al(1999) Girls outperform boys applies most strongly to the working class.
• Edwards and David(2000) suggest that gender-differentiated primary socialisation gives girls an initial advantage as they are taught to conform.
• Burns and Bracey(2001) girls are more motivated than boys
• Shortage of male primary school teachers?

  YouGov (2007) only 14% of primary school teachers are male; most boys said (42%) the presence  of a male teacher made them work harder. 
• What do Gillborn and Mirza say about Indian pupils?

  Gillborn and Mirza (2000) note that Indian pupils do very well despite often not having English as  their home language.