Chemistry

• Adhesion


  the attraction of the surface of water to the surface of another substance
• Amorphous solids


  Solids without shape

  Atoms are not arranged in a particular pattern

  They can act like a solid or liquid, depending on the conditions they're in

  Examples: glass, rubber, plastic
• Amphoteric compound


  A compound that can act as either an acid or a base depending on what it's reacting with (ex: water)
• Capillary action


  attraction of water to the sides of tubes allowing water to move through them
• Cohesion


  the attraction of water molecules to other water molecules
• Crystalline solids


  arranged in a particular order: crystal lattice
• Diffusion


  the spontaneous mixing of particles of two or more substances caused by their random motion
• Dissociate


  disconnect or separate
• Effusion


  the process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
• Elastic collision


  a collision in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy
• Electrolyte


  A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
• End point


  the point in a titration at which an indicator changes color
• Endothermic reactions


  Heat is leaving the surroundings and entering the system

  Shown as a positive heat value
• Equilibrium


  a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
• Equivalence point


  the point at which the two solutions in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts
• Excess reactants


  all the other reactants
• Exothermic reactions


  require energy to be removed
• Henry's law


  the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
• Ideal gas


  a theoretical gas that perfectly fits all five of the assumptions
• Immiscible


  liquids that can't be mixed together
• Ionization constant of water

  Kw
• Ionize


  to become electrically charged or polar
• Kinetic energy


  energy due to motion, KE = 1/2mv²
• Miscible


  liquids that will dissolve in each other
• Molar heat of fusion


  the amount of energy required to change one mole of solid into a liquid
• Molar heat vaporization


  the amount of heat necessary to vaporize one mole of a given liquid
• Molarity


  the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
• Monoprotic acid


  an acid that can donate only one proton to a base
• Net ionic equation (NIE)

  Equation for a reaction in solution that allows us to see what is changing
• Nonelectrolyte


  dissolve in water to give a solution that does not conduct electricity
• Overall ionic equation (OIE)


  a chemical equation that explains the chemical reaction
• Percent yield


  Actual yield / theoretical yield x 100 = percent yield
• pH


  measures how acidic or basic a substance is within a range of 0-14
• pOH


  the negative of the common logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH⁻]
• Polyprotic acid


  Has multiple hydrogens, so it can donate multiple protons
• Precipitate


  insoluble solid after two solutions are combined
• Real gas


  does not behave completely according to the assumptions
• Solubility


  the ability of a substance to be dissolved
• Solute


  the substance that is dissolved or has a smaller quantity
• Solvent


  the substance that does the dissolving or has a larger quantity