A03

• What is a key strength of MRI compared to PET?

  It does not use radiation
• Why is MRI considered virtually risk-free?

  It is non-invasive and straightforward to use
• What does MRI produce images with high spatial resolution depict?

  Detail by the millimetre
• What does MRI provide a clear picture of?

  How brain activity is localised
• What is a limitation of MRI compared to other neuroimaging techniques?

  It is expensive
• What is the temporal resolution issue with MRI?

  It has a 5-second time-lag
• What does the time-lag in MRI affect?

  Representation of moment-to-moment brain activity
• What is a key strength of EEG technology?

  Extremely high temporal resolution
• What can EEG accurately detect?

  Brain activity at a resolution of a millisecond
• What is a limitation of EEG technology?

  Generalised nature of information received
• Why is the EEG signal not useful for pinpointing neural activity?

  It reflects activity of many thousands of neurons
• How do ERPs address EEG limitations?

  They provide more specificity in measurements
• What is a strength of ERPs compared to fMRI?

  Excellent temporal resolution
• What cognitive functions are ERPs frequently used to measure?

  Allocation of attentional resources
• What is a limitation of ERP methodology?

  Lack of standardisation between studies
• What must be eliminated to establish pure data in ERP studies?

  Background 'noise' and extraneous material
• What is a key strength of post-mortem examinations?

  They provide foundational understanding of brain processes
• Who relied on post-mortem studies for early brain research?

  Paul Broca and Karl Wernicke
• What was studied in HM's brain post-mortem?

  Areas of damage associated with memory deficits
• What is a limitation of post-mortem studies regarding causation?

  Damage may not link to observed deficits
• What ethical issue arises from post-mortem studies?

  Consent from individuals before death
• Why is consent an issue in HM's case for post-mortem research?

  He lost his ability to form memories
• What challenge does post-mortem research face regarding usefulness?

  Ethical issues of consent complicate research