Practical Research

• Background of the Study

  the first section of the research and it establishes the context underlying the research
• BOTS includes information which will focus on the importance and validity of the research
• BOTS should include rationale at the end, 3 to 5 pages should be enough for the BOTS
• For the good BOTS, the researcher can include the antecedents of the reason why this topic is proposed
• Scope and Delimitation


  it informs the reader what is/are included in the research and why the author chose that information. Although it explains that the study is limited, scope and delimitation also adds credibility to the research.
• Scope


  it's a section of the study that will tackle what information or subject is being analyzed. If you clear that only selected variables are included, no other variables should be a part of the study.
• Delimitation


  This section allows the writer to explain why certain aspects of a subject were chosen and why others were excluded.
• Limitation VS Delimitation


  Limitation - it addresses the influences that the researchers cannot control, it's the shortcomings that the researchers cannot control that might influence the methodology
• Sample Size


  The research design and methodology will determine whether the research will have a small or large sample size. The sample size will determine the data quality and the relationships identified among the variables.
• Lack of available and/or reliable data


  Missing and unreliable data will limit the scope of analysis and the ability of the researcher to determine meaningful trends and relationships among the data.
• Lack of prior studies

  This will limit the effectiveness of the literature review and may limit the initial understanding of the research problem. However, this gap in the literature can also serve as an opportunity for the researcher to contribute new insights and directions for future research.
• Chosen data collection method

  The method to collect data, such as unclear questions or busy timing, can significantly affect the quality and reliability of the data.
• Nature of the information collected

  Relying on preexisting data may impose limits on the researcher as he/she can no longer clarify certain data.
• Access


  The researcher's access to data sources, including people, organizations, libraries, and documents, significantly influences the quality and quantity of available data, potentially limiting comprehensive study collection.
• Time Period


  The study's duration significantly impacts the research process, necessitating careful time management to avoid rushed or incomplete analyses, thereby enhancing the overall research quality.
• Bias

  Personal biases, influenced by the researcher's subjective viewpoints, can impact problem definition, methodology, variables, data collection, and interpretation. Awareness of personal biases is crucial to ensure the research remains objective and unbiased.
• Language

  Language barriers can impact data collection, especially when researchers interact with respondents who speak different languages. This may affect the quality and accuracy of the data gathered.
• Research Design


  the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher to conduct a study.
• Descriptive Research Design

  Aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation, or phenomenon. It can answer what, when, where, how and why.
• Narrative Research Design

  Researchers collect and tell a story/ies about the experiences of an individual chronologically and in detail. it also includes the meaning of the experience with the individual
• Case Study

  an in-depth study of one person group or event. In a case study, nearly aspect of the subject's life and history Is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behaviour.
• Ethnography (Research Design)

  a research approach that involves studying people and their cultures by directly observing them in their natural environment rather than in a controlled setting like a laboratory.
• Grounded Theory (Research Design)

  to develop theories or explanations that emerge directly from the data
• Phenomenological

  a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an Individual's lived experiences within the world. Understanding the Ontological (Theory of Being) and Epistemological (Theory of Knowledge).