IT

avatar
Created by
Aedrian Mig

Subdecks (2)

Cards (262)

  • ICT is related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communication (Zuppo 2012)
  • ICT Hierarchy by Colrain Zuppo

    • Economic Development
    • Economic Sector
    • Education
    • Business IT
  • ICT Development Index (IDI) includes quantitative indicators regarding ICT access, usage, and skills in different regions and countries
  • IT pertains to the industry that involves computers, software, networking, and other IT infrastructure
  • IT is a subset of ICT as the technology used in the field of IT aids in the use of ICT (Wang 2016)
  • ICT is described as using computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or institutions in handling or using information
  • Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research. Tools for transmitting information are the telephone, television, and radio. Information is regarded as processed data. Processed information is called knowledge
  • Communication is an act of transmitting messages. The process of exchanging information of individuals through verbal and non-verbal means
  • Technology are powerful tools that can be used by individuals to gather and process needed information to aid them in their office, school, work, and in day-to-day activities
  • Communication methods
    • Video Conferencing
    • Email
  • Video Conferencing

    • Enables face-to-face communication, collaboration, and productivity, even when individuals are in different parts of the world
  • Email

    • Revolutionized written communication, allowing for fast and efficient exchange of messages and documents
  • Pre-Computing Devices
    • Abacus (c. 3000 BC)
    • Slide Rule (c. 17th Century)
  • Slide Rule, developed by John Napier and William Oughtred, allowed for more complex calculations involving multiplication, division, and logarithms
  • Slide Rule

    • Allowed for more complex calculations involving multiplication, division, and logarithms
    • Made of three bars fixed together with a sliding center bar sandwiched by outer bars
    • Metal "window" inserted over the slide rule with a fixed cursor in the center for accurate readings
  • ENIAC (1946): The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer, massive in size, and used vacuum tubes for computation
  • UNIVAC (1951): The Universal Automatic Computer was one of the first commercially produced computers and played a significant role in data processing
  • IBM PC (1981): IBM's Personal Computer set the standard for the modern PC with open architecture allowing for hardware and software compatibility, leading to the growth of the PC industry
  • Apple Macintosh (1984): Introduced the graphical user interface (GUI) and the mouse, making personal computing more user-friendly
  • MS-DOS (1981): Microsoft Disk Operating System was an early operating system that became the foundation for Microsoft's success in the PC market
  • Windows (1985): Microsoft Windows brought a GUI to DOS-based systems, revolutionizing the user experience and dominating the PC market
  • macOS (2001): Apple's macOS, formerly known as Mac OS X, is a Unix-based operating system known for its stability and user-friendly interface
  • ARPANET (1969): The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was the precursor to the internet, designed for military and academic purposes
  • World Wide Web (1989): Invented by Tim Berners-Lee, revolutionized information access and sharing, laying the foundation for the modern internet
  • Web browsers (e.g., Mosaic, Netscape, Internet Explorer): Made the internet more accessible to the general public by providing an intuitive interface for navigating the web
  • Tim Berners-Lee: 'The World Wide Web revolutionized information access and sharing, laying the foundation for the modern internet'
  • Web Browsers
    • Mosaic
    • Netscape
    • Internet Explorer
  • Web browsers made the internet more accessible to the general public by providing an intuitive interface for navigating the web
  • First-generation Computer
    1. Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
    2. Developed in 1946
    3. Designed by J. Presper Ecket and John W. Mauchly from the University of Pennsylvania
    4. Financed by the US Army
    5. At present, ENIAC has only 20 words of internal memory, in the form of electronic accumulators
    6. Only do arithmetic operations; addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, sign differentiation, and square root extraction
  • Second-generation Computer
    1. Transistor was used as the interior section of the computer
    2. Transistors were much smaller, faster, and more dependable
  • Third-generation Computer
    1. Jack Kilby invented the Integrated Circuit (IC) in replacement with transistors to build the computer
    2. IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors
    3. Remote processing, time-sharing, and multiprogramming operating system were used in this generation
  • Fourth-generation Computer
    1. Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits were used to build computers
    2. Circuits have about 5,000 transistors and other circuits elements with their connected circuits on a single chip known as microprocessor
    3. Microprocessor is used on pocket calculators, television sets, automotive devices, and audio and video appliances
  • Fifth-generation Computer
    1. VLSI has evolved to Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology
    2. Microprocessor chips have 10 million electronic components
    3. This generation includes artificial intelligence (AI), natural languages, and expert systems
  • Hardware consists of all machinery equipment in a computer system. Example: keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, etc.
  • Software, also called programs, consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. These instructions can be made using computer programming. Example: MS Word, MS Office, Adobe Photoshop, etc.
  • System Software and Application Software
  • Components of Computer
    • Hardware
    • Software
  • Keyboard

    • Accepts letters, numbers, and commands from the user
    • Similar to an electric typewriter
  • Mouse

    • A small handheld device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the cursor on a computer screen
    • Typically having buttons that are pressed to control functions
  • Microphone

    Allows the user to speak into the computer to input data and instructions