anaphy

• Anatomy


  Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
• Physiology


  Study of the functions of body parts and how they work
• Complementarity


  Structure dictates function; all organs are important
• Organization


  Distinct levels and specific interrelationships
• Metabolism


  All chemical reactions in the body
• Responsiveness


  Ability to sense and respond to stimuli
• Subdivisions of Anatomy


  • Gross or Macroscopic
  • Microscopic
  • Developmental
• Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy


  Visible to the naked eye; includes regional, surface, and systemic anatomy
• Microscopic Anatomy


  • Cytology: Study of cells
  • Histology: Study of Tissues
• Developmental Anatomy


  Embryology: Changes that occur before birth
• Levels of Physiology


  • Cell physiology
  • Systemic physiology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Exercise physiology
• Structural Organization


  • Chemical
  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ System
  • Organism
• Chemical Structural Organization


  From atoms to molecules (water, sugar, fats, proteins); Atoms are the building blocks
• Cell Structural Organization


  Basic structural and functional unit of plants and animals; molecules combine to form organelles
• Tissue Structural Organization


  Group of similar cells with specific functions; characteristics of cells and surrounding materials determine tissue function
• Organ Structural Organization


  Composed of two or more tissues performing common functions
• Organ System Structural Organization


  Group of organs performing common functions; viewed as a unit
• Organism Structural Organization


  Any living thing considered as a whole
• Organ Systems


  • Integumentary
  • Skeletal
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Endocrine
  • Cardiovascular
  • Lymphatic/Immunity
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive
• Characteristics of Life


  • Organization
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
• Reproductive


  1. Reproduction of offspring

  2. Testes produce sperm

  3. Ovaries produce egg cell

  4. Mammary glands produce milk for newborn
• Characteristics of Life


  • Organization
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Growth
  • Development
• Organization


  • Distinct level
  • Specific interrelationships
• Metabolism


  All chemical reactions
• Responsiveness


  Ability to sense and adjust changes
• Growth


  Increased in size or numbers
• Development


  • Changes undergone through time
  • Fertilization to death
• JAF-BSN1D Reproduction


  Formation of cells or organisms
• Survival Needs


  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Normal Body Temp (98.6 f, 37c)
  • Atmospheric pressure (high altitude- low at)
• Homeostasis


  • Balance
  • Equilibrium
• Negative Feedback


  1. Reduces stimuli

  2. Body temp, breathing, blood sugar

  3. Deviation
• Components of Negative Feedback

  • Receptor
  • Control center
  • Effector
• Positive Feedback


  1. Increases response

  2. Labor, blood clotting
• Functions of the Cell

  • Cell metabolism and energy use
  • Synthesis of molecules
  • Communication
  • Reproduction and inheritance
• Types of Cells


  • Epithelial
  • Fibroblasts
  • Erythrocytes
  • Skeletal muscle cells
  • Smooth muscle
  • Fat cells
  • Macrophage
  • Nerve Cell
  • Sperm
• Cell Parts


  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosome
  • Rough Er
  • Smooth Er
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Lysosome
  • Peroxisome
  • Proteasomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Centrioles
  • Cilia