Flowcharting

• Computers

  • Impact everyday life by being used in education, banking, workforce industry, electronic commerce, and hospitals
• Electronic Learning (e-learning)

  New teaching methodology where students and teachers can communicate using platforms like MVLE, Moodle, Edmodo
• Banking

  Computers make banking transactions easier and more secure through automated teller machines (ATM), cheque deposit, electronic fund transfer, direct deposit, pay by phone system, personal computer banking/internet banking
• Workforce Industry

  Workers, researchers, and administrations benefit from ICT by using computers to expedite production planning and control systems, support chain managements, and facilitate product design
• Electronic Commerce


  1. commerce boosts the economy as customers and clients use computers to communicate with sellers
• Hospitals


  Computers offer benefits to doctors and patients by creating databases for health records, treatment records, and medical records, used for research development, and for laboratory test results
• Logic Formulation


  Includes defining algorithms and flowcharts, understanding their uses, learning the guidelines of drawing a flowchart, and creating flowcharts
• Algorithm

  A set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task, specifying the actions to be executed and the order in which they are to be executed
• Algorithm

  • Recipe for making scrambled eggs: Beat eggs, heat frying pan, melt butter, cook eggs, add ingredients, serve
• Algorithm

  • Log in to Facebook account: Go to www.facebook.com, enter email and password, click on log in button
• Flowchart


  Graphical representation of an algorithm using symbols, shapes, and arrows to demonstrate a process or program
• Flowchart


  • Used to test the validity of statements in a program and determine the correctness of the sequence of instructions
• Different Symbols used in Flowcharting

  • Terminal Symbol
  • Preparation Symbol
  • Input/Output Symbol
• Terminal Symbol represents the beginning and end of a program or point of interruption
• Preparation Symbol indicates the initialization of variables to given values
• Input/Output Symbol represents an activity to an input or output device
• Preparation


  Activity to an input or an output device
• Symbol

  Representation of an instruction or concept in a flowchart
• Logic Formulation


  Explanation of the logic or process represented by a symbol in a flowchart
• num 1= 8
• num 2 = 17
• sum = 0
• name= “ “
• Input/Output Symbol

  Instruction involving arithmetic calculations or assigning a value into variables
• Input: num1, num2

  Display: sum
• Process Symbol


  Symbol used for processes like calculations or assigning values
• Decision Symbol


  Used for asking questions that can have either True or False as an answer
• If num1>num2

  1. yes

  2. no
• On-Page Connector Symbol


  Designated entry from or an exit to another part of the flowchart on the same page
• Off-Page Connector Symbol


  Exit to or an entry to another part of the flowchart on a different page
• Flow Lines


  Show the direction of flow of data and the sequence of instructions in a program
• Flowchart always begins with a START/BEGIN and is completed by STOP/END
• Flowchart can have only one start and one stop symbol
• On-page connectors are referenced using numbers
• Off-page connectors are referenced using alphabets
• An arrowhead indicates the direction to be followed. General flow of processes is top to bottom or left to right
• Symbols are interconnected by headed arrows
• The sequence of symbols matters. It indicates a step-by-step logic to be followed
• Guidelines in flowcharting

  Step-by-step instructions for creating a flowchart
• Making Scrambled Eggs


  Algorithm for making scrambled eggs