Taxonomy

• Kingdoms are subdivisions within domains that group similar types of organisms together.
• Domains are the highest level of organization, consisting of three major domains: Bacteria (prokaryotes), Archaea (also prokaryotes), and Eukaryota (eukaryotic cells).
• The taxonomic hierarchy is the classification system used to organize organisms into groups based on their evolutionary relationships.
• Taxonomy is the discipline where scientists classify organisms and assign them a scientific name
• Domains

  • Archaea
  • Eubacteria
  • Eukarya
• Eubacteria 


  Prokaryotic
• Archaea 


  extreme bacteria
• Eukarya 


  True nucleus
• Kingdom Fungi - multicellular heterotrophs with chitin cell walls
• Kingdoms (6)

  1. Phylum
  2. Class
  3. Order
  4. Family
  5. Genus
  6. Species
• Mnemonic for levels of Taxonomy

  King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain
• Linnaean Classification of Humans

  • Kingdom - Animalia
  • Phylum - Chordata
  • Class - Mammalia
  • Orders- Primates
  • Family - Hominidae
  • Genus - Homo
  • Species - Sapiens
• E. coli


  It is abbreviated form of rte scientific name of Escherichia coli
• binomial nomenclature 


  two part name of organisms

  two terms: the genus name and the sapiens
• Carolus Linnaeus 


  Devised the binomial nomenclature system
• Dichotomous Key


  An identification key, it is a method of deducing the correct species assignment of a living thing.
• Dichotomous means...


  divided into two parts
• Prokaryotic

  • No true nucleus
  • smaller
• Eukaryotic

  • True nucleus with a membrane
  • Larger
• Plantae

  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
• Animalia

  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
• Fungi

  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
• Protista

  • Eukaryotic
  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular
• Eubacteria

  • Unicellular
  • Prokaryotic
• Archaebacteria

  • Unicellular
  • Prokaryotic
• Peptidoglycan


  a cross-linked complex of polysaccharides and peptides found in the cell walls of bacteria
• Kingdom Archaea

  • Cell walls with no peptidoglycan
  • Live in most extreme environments
  • Unicellular
  • Theemophiles - love heat
  • Psychrophile - cold-loving
  • Acidophiles - love acidic environments
  • Halophiles - love salty
  • Barophiles - high pressure
• Kingdom Eubacteria

  • Prokaryotic
  • Cell wall with peptidoglycan
  • Unicellular
  • Diverse environments and metabolism
• Domain Eukarya

  • have a nucleus
  • Includes 4 kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants
• Kingdom Protista

  • Eukaryotic
  • Usually unicellular
  • Varied cell walls
• Kingdom Fungi

  • Eukaryotic
  • Cell walls of chitin
  • stiffener
  • Can be multicellular or unicellular
• Kingdom Plantae

  • Eukaryotic
  • Cell wall made of ellulose
  • Multicellular - more than one cell
  • Autotrophic - make their own food
• Kingdom Animalia

  • Eukaryotic
  • No cell walls
  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophic - need to get food from other sources