LAND & WATER FORMS

• Physical Features of the Philippines

  • Total land area: 300,000 square kilometers
  • Has 7107 islands
  • Has three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
  • Surrounded by bodies of water
  • Has other forms of water: bays, rivers, lakes, falls, gulfs, swamps
• Major Landforms in the Philippines

  • Mountains
  • Mountain Chains or Ranges
  • Volcanoes
  • Hills
  • Plains
  • Valleys
  • Wetlands
• Major Water Forms in the Philippines

  • River (Loboc River)
  • Lake (Laguna Lake)
  • Oceans
  • Seas
  • Rivers
  • Lakes
• Mountains

  • Highest landform
  • Usually more than 600 meters from its surroundings
  • Formed by geological and volcanic processes, like folding and faulting
• Mountain Chains or Ranges

  • May be thousands of kilometers long and hundreds of kilometers wide
  • Sierra Madre Mountain Range (longest, from Cagayan in the north and Quezon in southern Luzon)
• Volcanoes


  • Also mountains
  • Formed by folding and uplift
  • Built by the accumulation of the products from their eruption
• Hills

  • Elevated landform
  • Lower and less steep than a mountain
• Plains

  • Broad, vast flatlands that roll slightly
  • Usually grassy areas with few trees
• Valleys


  • Low-lying area of land between two mountains or hills
• Wetlands

  • Often wet; with tightly packed soil, soaked in water
  • Example: swamp
• Oceans

  • Largest body of water
  • Contain 98% of the world’s water and drive the water cycle
• Seas

  • Large body of saltwater connected to the ocean
  • Luzon Strait (north)
  • Philippine Sea (east)
  • West Phil. Sea & Sulu Sea (west)
  • Celebes Sea (south)
• Rivers


  • Large natural streams of water flowing in a channel to a sea, a lake, or another such stream
• Lakes


  • Still body of freshwater completely surrounded by land
  • Formed when runoff streams and rivers fill the depressions in the surface of Earth
• Rivers

  • Loboc River (Bohol)
  • Rio Grande de Mindanao
• Lakes

  • Still body of freshwater completely surrounded by land
  • Formed when runoff streams and rivers fill the depressions in the surface of Earth
  • Caliraya Lake (Laguna)
  • Lake Bababu (Dinagat Islands
• Kinds of Resources

  • Renewable resources
  • Nonrenewable resources
• Renewable resources


  Can be replaced within the human lifespan
• Nonrenewable resources

  Cannot be replaced within the human lifespan
• Philippines is rich in natural resources
• Natural resources in the Philippines

  • Agriculture
  • Animals
  • Forest
  • Coal
  • Petroleum
  • Natural gas
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Minerals
  • Earth materials
  • Rocks
  • Soil
• Fossil fuels

  Organic materials that underwent chemical and physical transformations over a long period of time
• Geothermal Plants in the Philippines

  • Tiwi Geothermal Plant
  • Makban Geothermal Plant
• Human lifespan means as long as humans are living
• Lithosphere (mantle+crust)

  -combo of upper mantle and crust

  -rigid, rocky outer layer of earth; sphere of land
• Hydrosphere

  -sphere of water; sum of the earth's water