enzymes

• What are enzymes?

  Special molecules controlling chemical reactions
• How is enzyme production controlled?

  By deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• What are all enzymes made of?

  Proteins
• What determines the specific shape of an enzyme?

  The sequence of amino acids
• What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

  They speed up reactions without participating
• Why are enzymes considered specific?

  They catalyse only one type of reaction
• What factors affect the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions?

  Temperature, pH, enzyme, and substrate concentrations
• What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

  They can become denatured and stop working
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The place where the substrate fits
• What is the lock and key theory?

  Enzymes and substrates fit together precisely
• What is formed when an enzyme and substrate fit together?

  Enzyme-substrate complex
• How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

  Higher temperatures increase activity until denaturation
• What occurs when temperatures exceed 40°C for enzymes?

  Denaturation begins, altering enzyme shape
• What happens to enzyme activity at low temperatures?

  Both enzyme and substrate move slowly, reducing collisions
• What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

  The temperature at which they work best
• What is the effect of pH on enzymes?


  Enzymes have an optimum pH for activity
• What happens when pH values are far from the optimum?

  Enzyme activity decreases and may denature
• What should you never say about enzymes?

  That they react with their substrate