W7L13 - Cell differentiation

• Which of the following are true about somatic cells?

  1. Adapted to the environment
  2. Cells which give rise to the gametes (i.e. egg and sperm)
  3. Determine the reproductive success of the organism
  4. Diploid
  5. Haploid
  6. Immortal
  7. Majority of cells in an organism
  8. Minority of cells in an organism
  9. Mortal
  10. Must be remade at each generation

  1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10
• Which of the following are true about germ-line cells?

  1. Adapted to the environment
  2. Cells which give rise to the gametes (i.e. egg and sperm)
  3. Determine the reproductive success of the organism
  4. Diploid
  5. Haploid
  6. Immortal
  7. Majority of cells in an organism
  8. Minority of cells in an organism
  9. Mortal
  10. Must be remade at each generation

  2, 5, 6, 8
• Which cells will give rise to which tissue type?

  • cartilage, muscles and bones
  • epidermis, nerve tissue and nephridia
  • lining of the gut and associated structures
  • Ectoderm
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm

  Ectoderm - epidermis, nerve tissue and nephridia

  Endoderm - lining of the gut and associated structures

  Mesoderm - cartilage, muscles and bone
• Which of the following would make good characteristsics for a model organism that could be used in study development and cell fate?

  1. Develop inside the body
  2. Develop ourside the body
  3. Difficult to work with and keep in the lab
  4. Easy to work with and keep in the lab
  5. Eggs and embryos need to be difficult to work with
  6. Eggs and embryos need to be easy to work with
  7. Fast to breed and develop to the adult animal
  8. Large
  9. Produce a lot of eggs and embryos
  10. Produce very limited numbers of eggs and embryos
  11. Slow to breed and develop to the adult animal
  12. Small
  13. Transparent

  2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13
• Match the term with the corresponding definition:

  • Totipotent
  • multipotent
  • pluripotent
  • terminally differentiated
  • can become all cell types
  • can become most cell types
  • can become several cell types
  • final fixed cell type
  • can de-differentiate in the body
  • marked for cell death

  Totipotent - can become all cell types

  Multipotent - can become several cell types

  Pluripotent - can become most cell types

  Terminally differenciated - final fixed cell type
• Cell fate is determined:

  1. because it inherits a particular cytoplasm
  2. by its position

  2
• Match the following terms with the corresponding definition:

  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • posterior
  • anterior
  • top
  • bottom
  • back
  • front
  • left-hand side
  • right-hand side

  Dorsal - back

  Ventral - front

  Posterior - bottom

  Anterior - top
• Match the following terms with the corresponding definition:

  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
  • the middle layer of cells ot tissue of an embryo
  • the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo
  • the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo
  • the germ cells of the embryo
  • the cells destined for destruction in the embryo

  Ectoderm - the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo

  Mesoderm - the middle layer of cells or tissue of an embryo

  Endoderm - the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo
• • Gamete is a mature haploid male or female germ cell
  • Karyotype is the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei
  • Gastrula is embryo when it has a hollow cup-shaped structure with three layers of cells
  • Blastula is an animal embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells
  • Oocyte is an egg cell
  • Zygote is a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes