Lesson 10

• Parts of a Research Paper

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Literature Review
  • Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussions
  • Conclusions & Recommendations
  • References
  • Acknowledgment
• At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• General Guidelines


  • File Name: Grade Level-Section_Group No.
  • Paper Size: A4 size
  • Margin: 1 inch (all sides)
  • Font Style: Bookman Old Style
  • Font Size: 12
  • Spacing: 1.5
  • Alignment: Justified
  • Citation Style: APA 7th Gen
• General Reminders


  • Present tense for proposal
  • Past tense for finished and completed research
  • General Tone: Academic research following formal Philippine English
  • Pages: 10-40 pages
  • Words: 5,000 - 10,000 words
• Title Page Format


  • Font Style: Bookman Old Style
  • Font Size: 14
  • Bold
  • Center align
  • 12-15 words
  • Common and Specific Words
  • Scientific Names - Italics
  • Avoid Acronyms
• Name Format


  • Format: FN, MN, LN
  • Order: Leader to members
  • Font Style: Bookman Old style
  • Font Size: 12
  • Not Bold
  • Center align
• Email Address Format


  • Order: Leader to members
  • Font Style: Bookman Old style
  • Font Size: 10
  • Not Bold
  • Center align
• Follow the rules of grammar, proper punctuation marks, diction, and American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition
• An abstract and keywords are constructed once you are done with the entire research report
• Include in the abstract: research problem, general statement of the problem only, research design, participants/respondents, research instruments used, data collection methods, major results/findings, conclusions, and one major recommendation
• Abstract Guidelines


  • Font Style: Bookman Old style
  • Font Size: 10
  • Single-spacing 1.0
  • Justify
  • 150-250 words only
  • Common and Specific Words
  • Scientific Names - Italics
  • Avoid Acronyms
  • ½ inch indented left and right
• Keywords: 4 – 8 keywords preferably taken from the title or research questions. Use Bookman Old style font with a 10-point size
• Background of the study: 1st Paragraph - write what different authors knew about your topic/research problem in the global context with proper citation
• 2nd paragraph - National context and legal bases (Laws, Deped Order, Regional Memorandum, Division Memorandum)
• 3rd paragraph - the research setting, situation/context, and research problem in the locality with data from the previous years or months
• 4th paragraph - wr
• Introduction components


  • National context and legal bases (Laws, Deped Order, Regional Memorandum, Division Memorandum)
  • Research setting, situation/context, and research problem in the locality with data from the previous years or months
  • What different authors did not know about your topic and the rationale or reasons why you chose this research topic
  • Benefits that other people may get from your study
• Reminders/Notes for Introduction
• Always cite the source of borrowed ideas or information using the following format of APA
• Literature Review components


  • Discuss the main topic thoroughly with proper citation of borrowed ideas/information
  • At least 30 literature and related studies including the findings in summarized form
  • Use multiple sources of literature - books, journals, articles, websites like Google Scholar, E-Journals.ph, Eric.ed.gov
  • Write the research gap stating that few or no studies have been conducted similar to your study supported by authors
• Theoretical & Conceptual Framework components

  • Discuss the theories/framework/model supporting your study thoroughly with proper citation of borrowed ideas/information
  • Discuss the concepts of your study including the variables/constructs found in your conceptual paradigm and the content of your research paradigm
• Research Questions components


  • Write the whole statement of the problem including the general objective and specific objectives in question form
  • The general statement of the problem is a reiteration of the research title written using “The study aimed to…..”
  • The specific objectives (minimum of three) must be in question forms supporting the general objective
• Methods components


  • Discuss the specific type of research you are using in your study thoroughly with proper citation of borrowed ideas/information
  • Explain your reason why your chosen research design is the most appropriate to use in your study
  • Discuss your participants for qualitative research, subjects for quantitative research, or respondents for survey research in terms of quantity and quality/characteristics like age, sex, socio-economic status, and learning ability thoroughly
  • Discuss the sampling method you use in choosing the participants and the reason for choosing a specific type of sampling method
  • Discuss your research instruments in collecting data like questionnaires, checklists, rating forms, interview guides, test papers, rubrics, FGD, documents, etc. thoroughly