ARTS1

• The Language of Art

  • Vocabulary
  • Materials and Techniques
  • Styles and Genres
  • Forms and Platforms
• Medium (in art)


  The material or means which the artist uses to objectify his feeling or thought
• Classification of Art in Relation to Medium

  • Visual Art or Space Art
  • Auditory Art or Time Art
  • The Combined Arts
• Visual Art or Space Art - Arts whose mediums can be seen and which occupy space

  • The two-dimensional arts (2D)
  • The three-dimensional arts (3D)
• Auditory Art or Time Art


  • Arts whose mediums can be heard and which are expressed in time
  • Music
  • Literature
• The Combined Arts


  • Arts whose mediums can be both seen and heard, and which exist in both space and time
• The Mediums of the Visual Arts

  • Painting and the Related Arts
  • Mosaic Art
  • Stained Glass
  • Tapestry
  • Drawing
  • Printmaking
  • Photography
• Painting


  The process of applying pigment on a smooth surface –paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster- to secure an interesting arrangement of forms, line and colors
• Encaustic


  The application of a mixture of beeswax, resin and ground pigment to any porous surface, followed by the application of heat to set the colors and bind them to the ground. When the surface cools, it is polished with a cloth. This gives the wax a soft luster that heightens its translucent qualities.
• Tempera


  Tempera paints are earth or mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk and egg white. Since the paint dries quickly, corrections are difficult to make. Thus, the artist using this medium must plan his design well.
• Fresco


  Fresco painting is the application of earth pigments mixed with water on a plaster wall while the plaster is damp. Color then sinks into the surface and becomes an integral part of the wall. The image becomes permanently fixed and lasts as long as the wall exist.
• Watercolor


  Watercolor is a tempered paint made of pure ground pigment bound with gum arabic. Painters apply watercolor in thin, almost transparent films. The surface of the paper then shows through, giving a delicate, luminous texture to the painting.
• Oil


  In oil painting, pigment ground in linseed oil is applied to primed canvas. Since the paint is rather thick, it has to be thinned with oils, turpentine, or any other solvent before it is applied on canvas
• Acrylic


  Synthetic paints using acrylic polymer emulsions as binder are the newest mediums and the ones that are widely used by today's painters. They have many advantages: they combine the transparency and quick drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of oil; they are completely insoluble when dry; they can be used in almost any surface; they can be applied thinly with a water-dipped brush or laid on in thick impastos with a knife.
• Elements of Art


  • Line
  • Shape
  • Texture
  • Color
  • Value
  • Space & Movement
• Line


  Line is man's own invention; it does not exist in nature. Lines have many qualities which the artist exploits (short or long, heavy or light, wavy or jagged, straight or curved). The artist uses lines to imitate or to represent objects and figures on a flat surface.
• Shape


  Our world is composed of a variety of shapes, some of which, because of constant use, have gained permanent meaning. Shapes can be used to simplify ideas. Classified according to their sources, shapes may be natural, abstract, non-objective, or geometric.
• Natural shapes


  • Shapes of men, animals, or trees. They may be interpreted realistically or they may be distorted.
• Abstract shapes


  • Formed after the artists has drawn out the essence of the original object and made it the subject of his work (e.g. Brancusi's Bird in Space).
• Non-objective (biomorphic) shapes


  • Seldom have reference to recognizable objects, but most often they show a similarity to some organic forms (e.g. HR Ocampo's abstractions).
• Geometric shapes


  • Some buildings look like pyramids, cylindrical towers, and box-like office buildings.
• Texture


  Texture usually refer to the feel or tactile quality of the surface of the object. For the sculptor and the architect, texture results chiefly from the physical properties of the materials they use.
• Color


  Color is not a permanent property of things we see around us. It is derived from light, whether natural, like sunlight, or artificial, like fluorescent light. Color is a series of wave lengths which strike our retina. Every ray of light coming from the sun is composed of different waves which vibrate in different speeds. The ray of light will break up and be seen on a sheet of white paper as bands of different colors.
• Physical Properties of Color

  • Hue
  • Value
  • Intensity or Saturation
• Hue


  The quality which gives a color its name. The colors of the spectrum are therefore called hues.
• Value


  Adding neutrals to any hue results in changing the quantity of light it reflects. The lightness or darkness of a color is called value.
• Intensity or Saturation


  The strength of the color's hue. It refers to the quality of a color. Hues become less intense (dull) when pigments are mixed with them.
• Value (Tone)


  Value is a tonal relationships between light and dark areas in a painting. It is also referred to as Tone. Value is an element that must be considered in relation to other elements such as line, color, texture and, shape.
• Value or tone may be used to create the illusion of form, to break up the picture surface into patterns of dark into patterns of dark and light, to create the illusion of light space, and movement, and to express emotion.
• Value or tone


  • Used to create the illusion of form
  • Break up the picture surface into patterns of dark and light
  • Create the illusion of light, space, and movement
  • Express emotion
• Works using chiaroscuro


  • Rembrandt
  • Caravaggio
  • Hidalgo
• Works with flattened, two-dimensional appearance

  • Matisse
  • Cezanne
  • Picasso
  • Braque
• Preponderance of dark areas in a painting

  Atmosphere of gloom, mystery, or drama
• Predominantly lighted areas in a painting

  Opposite effect of gloom, mystery, or drama
• Chiaroscuro


  Technique which concentrates on the effects of blending light and shade on objects to create an illusion of space and atmosphere
• Tenebrism


  Style of painting which exaggerates the effects of chiaroscuro
• Tenebrism


  • Painters make use of a larger amount of dark areas beside smaller areas of light for emphasis
• Decorative space


  Depthless space, it exists across the plane rather than in it
• Plastic space


  The term applied to the third dimension which is a matter of "illusion" in the case of painting
• Space exists as an "illusion" in the graphic arts, but in sculpture and architecture it is actually present