Offender Profiling - Bottom Up Approach

• Bottom up approach - Data driven - emerges as the investigator uncovers more detail of the offence. Evidence collected from the crim scene to develop hypothesis about character motivations.
• Investigative psychology - Aims to establish patterns of behaviour likely to occur/ co-exist across crime scenes. Develops a statistical data base which can then be matched against another data base acting as baseline for comparison. Enables revealing important details about the offender and personal family history.
• Interpersonal Coherence - The way offender behaves at the scene + how they interact with victims. this represents everyday situations behaviour e.g. rapists.
• Time and place significant because may indicate where offender lives + employment status. etc.
• Forensic awareness - Mindful of how offenders cover their tracks.
• Geographical profiling - Uses location of linked crime scenes to make references about likely home operation base (crime - mapping).
• Geographical profiling can be used in conjunction to psychological theory to creat hypothesis. Assumption - Serial offenders will restrict their work to geographical areas they are familiar with. Provides investigators with a centre of gravity.
• Jeapordy surface - Where next crime is likely to happen. Basis of canters cirlce theory (1993).
• The marauder - operates in close proximity to home base.
• The commuter - Likely to have travelled to unusual residence
• Allows investigators to have insight of nature of offence. ie. opportunistic + reveals other factors. eg. mode of transport, age, employment.