why did James wind parliament up so much

• When did James II come to the throne?

  1685
• What financial support did Parliament initially grant James II?

  £2 million in revenue and a standing army
• What was the size of the standing army James II had to suppress the Monmouth Rebellion?

  Approximately 20,000 troops
• How did James II's Catholicism differ from Charles II's?

  James was openly Catholic, unlike Charles
• Why did James II's open Catholicism raise fears among Parliament?

  It raised fears of absolutism and a Catholic monarchy
• What key positions did James II appoint Catholics to?

  Army, Privy Council, University of Oxford
• What was the significance of the Test Act (1673) in relation to James II's appointments?

  It excluded Catholics from holding office
• What action did James II take regarding Magdalen College in 1687?

  Ordered it to admit a Catholic president
• How did Parliament view James II's actions regarding Catholic appointments?

  As a breach of law and a threat
• What was the legal crisis caused by James II's dispensing power?

  He suspended laws without Parliament's consent
• What was the outcome of the Godden v Hales case (1686)?

  It upheld James's dispensing power
• What did the Declaration of Indulgence (1687) do?

  Suspended penal laws against Catholics and Dissenters
• How did the Declaration of Indulgence affect Anglican churches?

  Required it to be read in all churches
• What happened to the 7 bishops who refused to read the Declaration of Indulgence?

  They were arrested and acquitted
• How did the public react to the trial of the 7 bishops?

  It sparked nationwide support and backlash
• What was the Parliament's concern regarding James II's standing army?

  It was seen as a threat to intimidate them
• How many troops were in James II's standing army?

  Over 20,000 troops
• What did James II's actions regarding education aim to achieve?

  To turn Anglican institutions into Catholic footholds
• What significant event occurred in June 1688 regarding James II's family?

  His wife gave birth to a male heir
• Why did the birth of James Francis Edward alarm Protestants?

  It meant a Catholic dynasty was likely
• What rumor spread about James II's male heir?

  That he was a "warming-pan baby"
• How did James II's relations with Louis XIV affect Parliament's perception?

  It raised fears of aligning with Catholic absolutism
• What action did James II take regarding Parliament in 1685?

  He dissolved Parliament
• How long did James II rule without Parliament?

  From 1685 to 1688
• What was James II's intent behind manipulating borough charters?

  To ensure a Catholic-dominated Parliament
• What actions did James II take that antagonized Parliament?

  • Suspended laws like the Test Act
  • Appointed Catholics to key positions
  • Issued the Declaration of Indulgence
  • Maintained a standing army
  • Ruled without Parliament
  • Attempted to manipulate Parliament
• What were the consequences of James II's actions leading to the Glorious Revolution?

  • Alienated the Anglican Church
  • Undermined Parliamentary government
  • Isolated himself politically
  • Led to William of Orange's invasion
  • Resulted in the Bill of Rights (1689)