Psych

• What is the focus of psychological explanations for schizophrenia?

  Family dysfunction and cognitive explanations
• How does family dysfunction contribute to schizophrenia?

  It creates stress through maladaptive relationships
• What are the three dysfunctional characteristics of parents of schizophrenics?

  • High levels of interpersonal conflict
  • Difficulty communicating with each other
  • Excessively critical and controlling behavior
• What is double bind communication according to Bateson?

  Contradictory messages from parents to children
• Who coined the term 'double bind' in relation to schizophrenia?

  Bateson et al. (1956)
• What happens when a child receives a double bind message?

  They feel incapacitated by conflicting messages
• How does a child react to double bind situations?

  They may withdraw socially and show flat affect
• What are the effects of double bind communication on a child's perception of the world?

  • Confusing and dangerous world view
  • Symptoms like disorganized thinking
  • Symptoms like paranoid delusions
• What are the two key aspects of double bind communication?

  1. Two bits of information confuse the child
  2. Conflicting messages allow no comments without criticism
• Is a bachelor's degree the only factor in developing schizophrenia?

  No, it's just a risk factor
• What is expressed emotion (EE) in the context of schizophrenia?

  Family communication style with criticism and hostility
• How does a negative emotional climate affect recovering schizophrenics?

  It can lead to relapse into active symptoms
• What are the consequences of families showing persistent criticism and hostility?

  They negatively influence recovering schizophrenics
• Who developed the concept of the "schizophrenogenic mother"?

  Fromm-Reichmann
• What characteristics define a "schizophrenogenic mother"?

  Overprotective, domineering, cold, and rejecting
• How does the behavior of a "schizophrenogenic mother" affect a child?

  It creates confusion and insecurity in the child
• What role can a father play in the context of the "schizophrenogenic mother" theory?

  A passive or absent father can exacerbate schizophrenia
• What did Bateson (1964) report in his case study related to schizophrenia?

  A recovering schizophrenic assaulted an aide
• What does the double-bind theory suggest about family communication?

  Conflicting messages contribute to schizophrenic behaviors
• What did Berger (1965) find regarding schizophrenics and double-bind statements?

  Schizophrenics recalled more double-bind statements
• Why might the evidence from Berger (1965) be considered unreliable?

  Patients' recall may be affected by schizophrenia
• What did Norton (1982) find in their longitudinal study of adolescents?

  Communication deviance predicted later onset of schizophrenia
• What did Liem (1974) discover about parental communication in families with a schizophrenic child?

  No differences compared to normal families were found
• How can having a family member with schizophrenia affect family dynamics?

  It can lead to dysfunctions such as expressed emotion
• What did Kavanagh (1982) find regarding relapse rates in families with high EE?

  40% relapse rate in high EE families
• What is the significance of understanding EE in families of schizophrenics?


  It helps identify relapse risks and plan support
• Why has the theory of the "schizophrenogenic mother" been criticized?

  It unfairly blames mothers for schizophrenia
• What impact does the "schizophrenogenic mother" theory have on mothers?

  It can cause guilt and self-blame
• How does the theory of the "schizophrenogenic mother" contribute to mental health interventions?

  It highlights the importance of early intervention
• What are the cognitive processes involved in schizophrenia?

  • Dysfunctional thought processes
  • Impaired memory and reasoning
  • Issues with perception and expression of emotions
  • Difficulties in metacognition
• What are the implications of communication issues in families of schizophrenics?

  • Can predict onset of schizophrenia
  • May lead to increased stress in family relationships
  • Suggests need for supportive family interventions