5060 final

• Clinical question


  An inquiry that is the basis of evidence-informed practice, concerns five components: population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time (PICOT)
• Dependent variable


  In experimental studies, the presumed effect of the independent or experimental variable on the outcome, observed but not manipulated
• Directional hypothesis


  A hypothesis that specifies the expected direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables
• Independent variable


  The antecedent or variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable, manipulated in experimental research studies
• Nondirectional hypothesis


  A hypothesis that indicates the existence of a relationship between the variables but does not specify the anticipated direction of the relationship
• Population


  A well-defined set that has certain specified properties
• Problem statement


  A statement in a research article in which the research question is articulated
• Purpose


  The aims or objectives the investigator hopes to achieve with the research
• Research hypothesis


  A statement about the expected relationship between variables, also known as a scientific hypothesis
• Research question


  A presentation of an idea that forms the foundation for a study, developed from the research problem and results in the research hypothesis
• Statistical hypothesis


  A statement that no relationship exists between the independent and dependent variables, also known as a null hypothesis
• Testability


  The ability of the variables in a proposed study to be observed, measured, and analyzed by quantitative methods
• Testable


  Measurable by quantitative methods
• Variable


  A defined concept; a property that takes on different values and is studied by quantitative researchers
• Evidence-based practice (EBP)
• Accuracy


  The characteristic of all aspects of a study systematically and logically following from the research problem
• Attrition


  The loss of a subject from a study between time 1 data collection and time 2 data collection, also called mortality
• Bias


  A distortion in the interpretation of the results of the data analysis
• Constancy


  An aspect of control in data collection that ensures methods and procedures are the same for all participants
• Control


  The measures used to hold uniform or constant the conditions in a research study
• Control group


  The group in an experimental investigation that does not receive the experimental intervention or treatment, the comparison group
• Experimental group


  The group in an experimental investigation that receives the experimental intervention or treatment
• External validity


  The degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations or environments
• Extraneous variable


  A variable that interferes with the operations of the phenomena being studied, also called mediating variable
• Feasibility


  The capability of the study to be successfully carried out
• Hawthorne effect


  Reactivity
• History threat


  The threat to internal validity that events outside of the experimental setting may affect the dependent variable
• Homogeneity


  A similarity of conditions, also called internal consistency