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• Reading


  1. A cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning

  2. An active process of constructing meaning of words

  3. Reading is a thinking process

  4. Reading is a receptive skill
• Reading process


  1. Recognizing words, leading to development of comprehension

  2. Reading is a process that negotiates the meaning between text and its reader
• 3 Stages of Reading Process

  • Pre-Reading
  • During Reading
  • After Reading
• Reading comprehension


  1. It is the level of understanding of text or message

  2. This comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text or message
• Techniques in Improving your Reading comprehension

  • Skimming
  • Scanning
  • Making Inference
  • Draw Conclusion
  • Detailed Note Taking
  • Thesis Statement
• How to make Thesis Statement

  1. Start with a research question

  2. Research enough to be able to stand out

  3. Ask questions for each thesis statement
• Different types of Thesis Statement

  • Analytical Thesis Statement
  • Explanatory/Expository Thesis Statement
  • Argumentative Thesis Statement
• Effective Strategies and Techniques for Reading

  • Predict
  • Visualize
  • Question
  • Connect
  • Identify
  • Infer
  • Evaluate
• Academic Writing


  Written in an organized way and in a specific manner
• Characteristics of Academic Writing

  • Organized and specific
  • Clear structure
  • Manifest clarity
  • It has a purpose
  • Uses blueprints (organizational patterns) - helps writer organizing ideas
• Transitional Devices - Also known as "signal words"


  • Definition
  • Process
  • Chronological Order
  • Cause and Effect
  • Spatial Order
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Statement and Clarification
  • Summary
  • Listing/Enumeration
  • Addition
  • Order and Importance
  • Generalization and Example
• Research


  A systematic investigation
• Research skills


  1. Paraphrasing - Using own words to express someone else's ideas

  2. Summarizing - Important facts or ideas
• Outlining


  Plan giving the essential features. Draft or Guide
• IMRAD


  1. Introduction

  2. Methods

  3. Results

  4. Discussion