Cells

• Cell theory - All organisms are made up of cells, cells comes from pre-existing cells, the cell is the smallest living organisational unit
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size, do not have membrane-bound organelles, have genetic material(DNA) but not surrounded by a membrane, Unicellular organisms(Bacteria), no nucleus or nuclear membrane
• Eukaryotic cells contains membrane-bound organelles, are multicellular organisms and some unicellular, contains a nucleus, bigger than prokaryotic cells
• Cell wall - Rigid wall structure, maintains cell shape and prevents cell bursting, prevents pathogens and bacteria from passing through, and allows H20, O2, and CO2 to pass
• plasma membrane - controls what goes in and out of the cell
• Cytoplasm - Clear gelatinous fluid inside the cell, holds organelles in place
• Nucleus - Control all cell processes, stores DNA and genetic info to make proteins
• Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes
• Vacuole - Temporary storage of enzymes, food, wastes, and other materials
• Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell, transforms energy into usable compounds by breaking food down, cellular respiration
• Chloroplast - contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• Ribosomes - Site of protein manufacture in the cell.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Protein synthesis
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Makes and stores lipids
• Golgi apparatus - Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
• Lysosomes - Digest excess or worn-out organelles, food, and bacteria
• Cytoskeleton - Support structure with cytoplasm, forms framework for the cell
• Cilia - Aids in locomotion and feeding, present in eukaryotic cells
• Flagella - Aids in locomotion and feeding, present in some animal, plant, protist cells