3.14 Organic Synthesis

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Cards (28)

Alcohol to Alkene
Elimination
Conc H2SO4
180 degrees Celsius
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Alkene to alcohol
Electrophilic addition
Conc H3PO4
High T
High P
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Alkene to alkylhydrogensulphate
Electrophilic addition
Conc H2SO4
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Alkylhydrogensulphate to alcohol
Hydrolysis
Water and warm
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Alkene to alkane
Electrophilic addition
H2,Ni catalyst
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Alkane to haloalkane
Free radical substitution
Halogen (X2)
UV light
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Alkene to haloalkane
Electrophilic addition
HX(e.g.HBr)
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Haloalkane to alkene
Elimination
KOH (ethanol)
Hot
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Haloalkane to alcohol
Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH(aq) warm
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Haloalkane to nitrile
Nucleophilic substitution
KCN (ethanol)
Reflux
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Haloalkane to amine
Nucleophilic substitution
NH3
Heat
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Secondary alcohol to ketone
Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Heat under reflux
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Primary alcohol to aldehyde
Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Distillation
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Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux/
Tollens reagent/
Fehlings solution
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Carboxylic acid to ester
Esterification
Alcohol
Conc H2SO4
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Ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile 
Nucleophilic addition
HCN
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Aldehyde to 2-hydroxynitrile 
Nucleophilic addition
HCN
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Ketone to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4(aq)
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Aldehyde to alcohol
Reduction
NaBH4(aq)
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Alcohol to ester
Esterification
Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4/
Acyl chloride/
Acid anhydride
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Nitrile to amine
Reduction
LiAlH4
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Amine to amide 
Addition elimination
Acyl chloride/
Acid anhydride
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Benzene to cyclohexane
Reduction
H2, Ni catalyst, 150 degrees celsius
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Benzene to nitrobenzene
Electrophilic substitution (nitration)
Conc H2SO4, Conc HNO3, 50 degrees Celsius
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Nitrobenzene to phenylamine
Reduction
Sn catalyst, conc HCl then NaOH
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Phenylamine to Benzanamide
Addition elimination
(Acylation)
Acyl chloride/ acid anhydride
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Benzene to phenylmethanone
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride
AlCl3 catalyst
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Phenylmethanone to phenylmethanol
Reduction
NaBH4(aq)
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