in vitro cloning

• describe how the polymerase chain reaction is carried out:

  • need DNA sample, primers, Taq polymerase and nucleotides
  • heat to 95 c
  • breaks hydrogen bonds
  • cool to 55 c
  • to insert primers
  • raise temperature to 72 c for Taq polymerase
  • can anneal entire sequence
• describe how genetic fingerprinting is carried out:

  • extract DNA from sample
  • using restriction enzymes
  • separate via gel electrophoresis
  • put samples into well
  • DNA is negatively charged, separates depending upon mass
  • in alkaline solution