NUCLEAR REACTION AND ALPHA DECAY

• Nuclear reaction


  Process in which a nucleus either combines with another nucleus (nuclear fusion) or splits into a smaller nuclei (nuclear fission)
• Nuclear reaction


  1. A nucleus combines with another nucleus (nuclear fusion) or splits into a smaller nuclei (nuclear fission)

  2. Emission of energetic particles of an atom
• Radioactivity

  Emission of energetic particles of an atom
• Alpha Decay

  Loss of an alpha particle
• Beta decay

  loss of a beta particle
• Gamma radiation

  emission of gamma ray
• Positron Emission

  conversion of a proton in a nucleus into neutron along with the release of a positron
• Electron Capture

  drawing of an electron into an atom molecules
• The universe may have begun as an infinitely hot and dense initial singularity, a point with all of space, time, matter and energy
• Inflation

  
  

  The universe cooled down as it expanded

  
  

  Protons and neutrons came together to form different types of nuclei by nucleosynthesis or nuclear fusion
• Recombination


  Electrons started to bind to ionized protons and nuclei forming neutral atoms
• Formation of stars and galaxies

  Gravity caused these atoms to collapse onto one another to form stars and galaxies
• Eventually, stars and galaxies formed other matter
• Redshift


  Stars and galaxies shine with light shifted toward the red end of the spectrum
• Light waves of cosmic bodies

  Stretched into low frequency red waves as they move away from an observer on Earth
• Stars


  Made up of hydrogen, become hotter and denser
• Stellar formation and evolution

  Light elements combined to form Carbon, Neon, Oxygen, Silicon, Iron
• Young stars


  • Small
  • Yellow
• Nuclear reactions

  Occurred successively until it became a giant red star
• Stars such as the sun have a temperature of less than 15 million Kelvin
• CNO Cycle


  A process through which Carbon (12C) serves as a catalyst to form other elements
• CNO Cycle

  1. Proton capture

  2. Beta decay
• SUPERNOVA
• SUPERNOVA


  1. Explosion that releases a tremendous amount of energy

  2. Synthesizes elements heavier than iron
• 1. r process


  Rapid capture of neutrons by the atom
• 1. s process


  Slow neutron capture in red giants