chap 1 (bio)
Cards (14)
- Components of a cell
- Protoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Made up of fats
- Partially permeable (allows SOME substances to pass through)
- Cell wall components
- Made up of cellulose
- Fully permeable (allows ALL substances to pass through)
- Protects the cell and gives its shape
- Cytoplasm
- Site of cellular activities
- Contains organelles
- Nucleus
- Made up of DNA
- Controls cell activities
- Essential for cell division
- Endoplasmic reticulum1. Rough ER (RER) studded with ribosomes, transports proteins to the Golgi body2. Smooth ER (SER) synthesises substances such as fats and steroids, involved in detoxification
- Golgi body
- Consists of flattened spaces
- Chemically modifies substances
- Stores and packages substances in vesicles for secretion out of the cell
- Mitochondria
- Site of aerobic respiration
- Oxidises food to release energy for cellular activities
- Vacuole
- Stores substances within the cell
- In plant cells: one large vacuole, stores mineral salts, sugars, amino acids
- In animal cells: numerous small vacuoles, stores water and food substances
- Chloroplast
- Found in plant cells only
- Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- Red blood cell
- Adaptation: contains haemoglobin, circular biconcave shape, absence of nucleus
- Function: binds to oxygen and transports it around the body, increases surface area to volume ratio, allows packing of more haemoglobin for increased intake of oxygen
- Muscle cell
- Adaptation: contains many mitochondria, has contractile protein fibres, has many nuclei
- Function: provides energy for contraction, contract and relax to bring about movement, allow for cell division
- Root hair cell
- Adaptation: long and narrow extension
- Function: increases surface area to volume ratio for increased rate of absorption, maintains a low water potential in vacuole, allows water to enter root hair cell via osmosis
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.